KNPE 335 Midterm 2 Flashcards
(234 cards)
1
Q
What is the most tolerated form of social discrimination in Canada?
A
Ageism
2
Q
What are the two reasons that stereotypes exist?
A
- Explicit Attitudes
- Implicit Priming
3
Q
What are explicit attitudes? x4
A
-Previously Learned Information
-What people consciously endorse or believe
-Direct and Deliberate
-Can be acknowledged
4
Q
What is a example of a explicit attitude?
A
When I am old, I will retired, and will stop becoming useful to society
5
Q
What is Implicit Priming? x4
A
-Associations that are outside of conscious awareness
-Unconscious and effortless
-Indirect and automatic
-Involuntarily active
6
Q
What is a example of implicit priming?
A
Older adults in long-term care do not want help (waving off help). Do not know why except maybe the idea that help=useless
7
Q
What group of people does paternalistic prejudice usually describe?
A
Elderly People
Disabled People
Housewives
8
Q
What is paternalistic prejudice?
A
Low Status
Not Competitive Pity
Sympathy
9
Q
Paternalistic Prejudice Warmth level?
A
High
10
Q
Paternalistic Prejudice Competence level?
A
Low
11
Q
What is admiration?
A
High status, not competitive pride, admiration
-In-group, and close allies
12
Q
Admiration Warmth= , Competence=
A
Warmth = high
Competence =high
13
Q
What is contemptuous prejudice?
A
Low status, competitive contempt, disgust, anger, resentment
-Welfare recipients, poor people
14
Q
Contemptuous Prejudice, Warmth= , Competence=
A
Warmth = Low
Competence =Low
15
Q
What is Envious prejudice?
A
High status, competitive envy, jealously
-Asian, Jews, Rich People, Feminists
16
Q
Envious Prejudice, Warmth= , Competence=
A
Warmth =Low
Competence = High
17
Q
What are 4 catergories in which older adults 65+ are thriving?
A
- Social
- Community
- Financial
- Physical
18
Q
How may a task’s objective difficult and participants subjective evaluation of their own resources result in stereotypes?
A
-Impair physical performance because if they are primed for a task to be more difficult with increasing age they will believe they cannot
-Stairs old person domain = Good
-Stairs young persons domain = Bad
19
Q
How does the pharmaceutical industry contribute to aging sterotype?
A
-ANT-AGING/ Defeat Aging
-Creams, pills, etc.
20
Q
How does the media contribute to agesim?
A
-Most positively portrayed individuals are under 50
-Often portrayed as villanous or harmful and do not have significant roles (Disney)
21
Q
What is ageism?
A
Ageism refers to how we think (stereotypes), feel (prejudice) and act (discrimination) toward others or ourselves based on age.
22
Q
What are the 3 aspects of ageism?
A
- Stereotypes
- Prejudice
3.Discrimation
23
Q
What is everyday ageism?
A
Occurs in day-to-day lives through interpersonal interactions and exposure to ageist beliefs, assumptions, and stereotypes.
24
Q
What does ageism result in for older adults? x4
A
-82% experience one or more forms of everyday
-65% exposure to ageist messages
-45% ageism in interpersonal interactions
-36% Internalized ageism (knee hurts)
25
What is the WHO stat for Ageism?
50% of people are ageist worldwide
26
What are the 4 groups that ageism affects?
Organizations
Institutions
Relationships
Ourselves
27
How has ageism relate to sex, race and disability?
Ageism has been shown to intersect and exacerbate other form of disadvantage
28
How does ageism shorten older adults lives x5?
-Poor physical health
-Delay in injury or illness recovery
-Decreased mental health
-Increased social isolation and loneliness
-Lower quality of life
29
What are 5 effects of ageism of society?
1. Shorten older adults lives
2. Costs billions of Dollar
3. Causes conflict btwn generations
4. Loss of productivity in the workplace
5. Elder abuse
30
What results in elder mistreatment?
SEE PHOTO
-Ageism + Policy and Social Norms + Interlized Ageism --> Exclusion, Devaluation, Depersonalization, Infantilization, Powerlessness, and Blame
31
What are the 3 categories of everyday ageism?
1. Exposure to ageist messages
2. Ageism in interpersonal interactions
3. Internalized Ageism
32
What are the 5 ways ageism can be combatted?
1. Policy and Law
2.Education
3.Intergeneration
4.Research
5. Community Work
33
How can policy and law combat ageism?
Policy and Law can address discrimination and inequality based on age and protect the human rights of everyone, everywhere
34
How can education combat ageism?
Educational activities can transmit knowledge and skills and enhance empathy
35
How can intergeneration combat ageism?
Intergenerational interventions can contribute to the mutual understanding and cooperation of different generations
36
Why is research important in combatting ageism?
Need more research to SUPPORT programs and services that will help end ageism
-Research = Funding
37
How can research be used to promote ageism? x3
1. Investing resources in research activities, including formative, monitoring, and evaluation research
2.Important for campaigns to foster a learning environment
-Research throughout the entire campaign
-Know when to measure, what to measure and how to best measure
3. Ensure research findings are responded yo in a appropriate and timely manner
38
How can ageism be combatted using community work? x3
Engage
Involve
Include
39
How does Engaging in Community work combat ageism?
-Engage, respond to, and incorporate the voices of the community.
-Participatory action research
40
How does Involvement in Community work combat ageism?
-Involve a range of government structure
-Middle-out approach
-Work alongside various partners to enable effective use of resources
41
How does Including in Community work combat ageism?
Include representatives from affected communities in workshops, marketing, and feedback
-Create co-researchers
42
What are the individual CONTROLLED factors that contribute to ageism symptoms? x4
1. Nutrition and lifestyle habits
2. Mindset/outlook
3. People we spend time with
4. Alterable Environment (condition of our homes, how often we seek nature)
43
What are the NOT CONTROLLED factors that contribute to ageism symptoms? x4
1. Genetics
2. Upbringing/family history
3. Past Choices
4. Fixed Environment (pollution, the behavior of other people)
43
What is the most significant barrier to healthy ageism?
Multi-morbidity
43
Explain how why stats for ageisms and barriers to healthy aging may be subjective?
Perceived barriers are Whbased on what people have experienced.
-eg. Homelessness is ranked low, but it can only be perceived to a small group of people and could be a huge barrier to those that actually experience it
43
What is the Social Comparison Theory?
Process through which people come to know themselves by evaluating their own attitudes, abilities, and beliefs, in comparison with others relates to self-evaluations and self-enhancement
44
What are the 2 types of comparison?
Upward Comparison
Downwards Comparison
45
What is upwards comparison?
Compare this to someone they believe has successfully aged.
RESULTS IN:
-Self-improvement Motivation
-Self- Improvement
46
What is a downward comparison?
Compared to somebody who is less successful aged
RESULTS IN:
-Self-Esteem
-Avoiding Failure
47
What group is upward comparison?
Females
48
What group is a downward comparison?
Males: Physical Health
49
Who is most affected by social comparison theory?
Poor Women
50
Why may social comparison theory be bad?
Can pave barriers to health
51
What are the five barriers to health?
Physical
Social
Cognitive
Mental
Enviromental
52
What are the six demographics of physical barriers?
CONTROLLED and NON-CONTROLLED
1. Age
2. Advanced Age
3. Gender
4. Comorbidities
5. Addiction
6. Medical Events
53
What are 4 physical factors of healthy aging?
1. Exercise
2. Nutrition
3. Sleep
4. Illness/disability
54
What are 8 social factors of healthy aging?
1. Illness and Disability
2. Loss of contact with friends/relatives
3. Lack of supportive community
4. Lack of acceptable social opportunities
5. Less access to quality relationships
6. Physical and Cognitive Limitations
7. Personal Responsibilities
8. Transportation
55
What are the two overarching social factors contributing to healthy aging?
1. Physical Relationship
2. Meaningful Activity
56
What is the recommendation for aging and driving?
Every 2 years (thought to be yearly) older than 80 = vision and written test about new traffic laws and cognitive tests
57
What are the 9 emotional barriers to healthy aging?
1. Low Income
2. Accessibility
3. Education
4. Safety
5. Community Design
6. Transportation
7. Services
8. Programs Available
9. Assisted Living
58
What are the 3 emotional factors to healthy aging?
-Self-Esteem
-Self-Knowledge
-Coping Skills
59
What are the 3 Spiritual factors of healthy aging?
1. Nature and meaning of one's life
2.Balancing what can and cannot be changed
3. Religious beliefs/formal religion
60
What are the 4 environmental barriers to healthy aging?
1. Housing
2. Income
3.Transportation and Mobility
4. Services (dental, health, hearing, recreation, vision, food services)
61
What barrier to healthy aging is the most researched?
Enviromental
62
What are low income barriers for older adults? x4
1. Participating in activities and programs for healthy aging can be more difficult
2. Higher rates of poverty, unemployment, low education levels
3. Initiating and Maintaining a behaviour change is more difficult
4. People living with socioeconomic disadvantage are more likely to develop disease or die early
-Risk for mental health decline
-Risk for physical or cognitive dysfunction
63
What group of people is most likely to have low income?
1. Unattached women over 65
2. Unattached men over 65
64
What is a health inequity?
Unjust differences in health between persons of different social groups; a normative concept
65
What is health inequality?
Observable health differences between subgroups within a population can be measured and monitored.
66
What are health disparities?
The differences in the state of health and health outcomes between people.
67
What are health inequalities?
To the excess burden of illness of the difference between an expected incidence and prevalence and that which actually occurs in excess in comparison population group
68
What is a health inequity?
Unjust differences in health between persons of different social groups; a normative concept
69
What are health outcomes linked to? x3
Physical Inequalities
Mental Inequalities
Socio- economic Factors (education, income, housing)
70
The influence of poverty and disadvantage of health inequalities is _____ over time.
Consistant
71
How does living in a disadvantaged area as a older adults effect you health?
Less access to health care
72
Disadvantaged groups have _____ mortality and ___ chances of survival.
High; Less
73
T or F: Inequalities related to survival from various health conditions (ie: CVD) are closely related to age, sex, ethicity?
True
74
What are the 9 risk of senior isolation?
1. Poverty/Lack of Resources
2. Age and Gender
3. Ethnicity
4. Sexual and Gender Identity
5. Geography
6. Health and Disability
7. Life Transitions
8. Knowledge and Awareness
9. Social Relationships
75
T or F Indigenous people in Canada are vulnerable groups for poor health outcomes?
True
76
What are the 4 causes of poor health outcomes in indigenous people?
1. Embedded Racism
2. Loss of support system
3. Decades of systemic discrimination (residential schools)
4. Effecst of colonialism (changed lifestyles and brought disease)
77
What are the 7 negative effects of caregiving?
1. Increased Burden
2. Depression
3. Stress
4. Financial Problems
5. Poor Health
6. Loneliness
7. Social Isolation
78
What group of caregivers are at greater risk for experiencing decreased social support and loneliness?
Spousal Caregivers
79
T or F seniors 65+ often provide care/help to family or friends with a long-term condition, a physical or mental disability or age-related problems.
True
80
What are 4 interventions for caregivers?
1. Helping and financial support through informal assistance
2. Respite Services
3. Home care or related services
4. Income or Tax Relief programs
81
T or F seniors 65+ represent a large proportion of immigrants?
False
82
Are Older Immigrants more or less lonely than older adults who are Canadian Born?
Significantly more
83
Are older immigrants more or less successful in healthy aging than their Canadian-born peers?
Lower
84
What is the healthy immigrant effect?
Older adults immigrants are generally healthier than Canadians
85
What is the unhealthy assimilation effect?
Longer immigrants stay in Canada and the USA; they are worse in health, even lower than domestic.
-Because only healthy people decide to immigrate
-Psychological stress
86
What are 3 healthy aging interventions suggested for imigrants?
1. Data collection and research on immigrant older adults in Canada
2. Culturally and linguistically appropriate programs and services
-Acculturation programs, financial aids, language programs, information and referral services.
3.
-Making transportation, health, and support systems MORE ACCESSIBLE
-Completing outreach session and education with older immigrants,
-Creating user and aging-friendly communities specific to the needs of older immigrants
87
T or F: The amount of older adults follows the same pattern of the overall population.
True, 4/5 Overall and 23% of older adults
88
What are the 4 risks of being a older adult living in a rural area?
1. Social Isolation
2.Smaller Support Networks
3.Loneliness
4.Lower utilization rates of health and social services
89
T or F Rural populations are a health disparity group?
True,
-Higher rates of mental health concerns, Chronic Diseases, and Worse general health outcomes
90
What are the six strategies to address older adults healthy aging in rural or remote areas?
1. Reducing health inequalities by providing older people with better access to health and social care services
2. Joining up transport, housing, health and social care services to improve cost-effective service provision and access to services
3. Developing cost-effective transport solutions to afford accessibility to services and better social integration
4. Improving housing and local environment conditions to allow older people to 'age in place'
5. Develop volunteering and community-based initiatives to improve the social integration of older people
6. Stimulating bottom-up social enterprises and collaborative ventures to improve the economic diversity and attractiveness of rural areas to encourage in-migration and further economic development
91
What is one of the most financially vulnerable Canadian populations?
Older adults who live alone
92
What are the 5 increased risk of being a low-income older adults?
1. Loneliness
2.Social Isolation
3. Poor Health Outcomes
4. Lower QofL
5.Premature Mortality
93
What is an evidenced informed policy option for low-income older adults x3?
1. Protected Pension for older Canadians
2. New class of workplace pension plans for low income
3. Improve retirement income options
94
How can healthcare professionals increase cultural competence in healthy aging?
1. Awareness
2.Knowledge
3.Skills
95
What are the 4 aspects of culturally sensitive healthcare?
1. Patients Centred Care/Health Literacy
2. Cultural Targeting
3. Under-served needs
4. Cultural competence
96
What is health promotion?
-The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health by developing their resources to maintain or enhance well being,
-Health-promoting is an action for health-using knowledge, communication and understanding
97
What are the five aspects of the healthy aging framework around national prevention strategy?
1. Promoting Health, Preventing Injury and Managing Chronic conditions
2.Optimizing cognitive health
3.Optimizing physical health
4.Optimizing Mental Health
5. Facilitating Social Engagement
98
How can we promote/implement the 5 aspects of the healthy aging framework around national prevention strategy? x5
1. Identify (What matter most to patient and focus on it)
2. Engage: (the patient in developing a action plan for healthy aging)
3. Provide (patient education, support and resources)
4. Coach (virtually or in-person)
5.Revise (Advance directives/care planning)
99
What is a Age-friendly community?
A community response to both the opportunities and challenges of an aging population by creating physical and social environments that support independent active living and enable older adults to continue contributing to all aspects of community life.
100
What are the 8 aspects of a age-friendly community?
1. Transportations
2. Housing
3. Social Participation
4.Respect and Social inclusion
5.Civic Participation and Employment
6. Communication and Information
7. Community support and Health Service
8. Outdoor spaces and buildings
101
What was the point of the AVOID frality program?
Lots of Services and Lots of Old people BUT NO CONNECTION to get old people to services
102
What is the point of the Aging in Place program?
A 20% increase in the number of older adults who are living in homes and communities of their choice by 2031
103
What are the 4 aspects of the Aging in Place program?
1. Safety
2. Health
3. Connection
4. Standards
104
What is the Safety Aging in Place program?
A increase in living enviroments that support safe and injury-free aging
-Smart materials devices
-AI Assisted Decision Making
105
Example of safety aging in Place program?
Printed Electronics-based sensors for fall detection and prevention
106
What is the Standards Aging in Place program?
An increase of Canadian AgeTech Adoption through evidence-based age0friendly standards and policy
-Agetech adoption
-Data privacy and cybersecurity
-Dwellings for successful aging in place
107
Examples of Standards Aging in Place program?
Security and privacy assessment for smart home technology
108
What is self-efficacy?
Person's belief in their ability to change their behavior
109
What types of strategies should be used to promote behaviour change?
Strategies that increase self efficacy
110
What is self-efficacy associated with? x7
1. Increased self-care among older adults
2.Increased energy
3.Better sleep
4.Decreased pain and discomfort
5.Resilience against depression
6.Increased use of healthcare system
7.Improvement in overall healthy aging
111
What are the most common role models of older adults?
Family Members
112
What are masters athletes?
Start as early as 25-35 years
-Activity Dependant
-Later-Life Leisure
113
How may master athletes as role models promote healthy aging? x6
Master Athletes = Preventative Health Behaviors = Successful aging and longevity
-Greater strength and power
-Cardiorespiratory fitness
-Increased bone density
-Increased muscle mass
-Greater meaning of life
-New friendships
114
How may masters athletes be bad role models? x6
Not realistic:
-Constrained by socioeconomic factors
-Reliant on free time, travel, costs
-Negative social comparisons
-Reduced motivation
-Othering
-Perpetuating stereotypes
115
What is Group 1 of the hierarchy of physical function?
Physically Fit and Healthy
116
What is Group 2 of the hierarchy of physical function?
Physically Unfit and Unhealthy Independent
117
What is Group 3 of the hierarchy of physical function?
Physically unfit frail and unhealthy, dependent
118
What are 2 ways to maintain performance?
Basic Activities of Daily Living
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
119
What are the 6 basic activities of daily living?
1. Dressing
2. Locomotion
3. Continence
4. Eating
5. Transferring
6. Walking and Moving around
120
What are the 6 instrumental activities of daily living?
1. Using a phone
2.Traveling
3. Shopping
4. Preparing Meals
5. Housework
6. Taking Meds
121
What are 3 tips/recommendations to get active?
1. Take part in at least 2.5 hours of MVPA each week
2. Spread activities into sessions of 10 min or more
3. As muscle and bone strengthening activities at least twice a week
122
What are the 5 types of PA?
1. Aerobic or Endurance
2. Strength
3. Flexibility
4. Balance
5.Functional
123
What are aerobic or endurance PA?
-Supplies O2 to brain
-Walking, Jogging, Swimming,Etc.
-20-30 min a day moderate intensity
124
What are strength PA?
-Muscles work more than daily living activities
-Weight training, resistance bands, body weight
125
What is Flexibility PA?
-Flexibility and stretching for increased freedom of movement for everyday activities and other exercise
-Yoga, Leg Raises, Swimming, Tai Chi
126
What is Balance PA?
-Strengthens muscles that keep you upright
-Improve stability and prevents falls
127
What is Functional PA?
-Trains muscles to work together
-Prepares for daily tasks by reproducing common movements
-Various muscles in upper and lower body used at the same time
128
What 2 types of exercise should be recommended for older adults?
Balance and Functional
129
What are the 15 benefits of PA?
1. Decrease BP
2. Increase Strength and CV endurance
3. Increase Balance
4. Increase lung and breathing function
5. Improve immune function
6. Reduce depression and anxiety
7. Control Obesity
8. Improves ability to perform tasks
9. Prevents weak bones and muscle loss
10. Improves Joint Mobility
11. Improves Sleep
12. Reduces risk of chronic conditions
13. Extends years of activity and independent living
14. Lowers dementia risk
15. Reduces likelihood of falls and injury
130
What is the most important benefit of PA?
Increases Q of L
Adding Life to one's years
131
How may increasing PA reduce risk/ help the prevention and management of disease? x8
1. Coronary Heart Disease
2. Stroke
3.Increased BP
4.Late-onset T2D
5.Osteoporosis
6. Colon Cancer
7. Weight Control
8, Reduction in Accidental Falls
132
T or F, effects of PA are not apparent if PA is taking up later in life?
F, any bit and any time helps
133
What are the 2 ways PA can minimize Diabetes risk?
1. Prevents sugar for building up in blood
2. Lowers Blood Pressure
134
How does PA lower BP?
Muscles use sugar for energy
Reduce risk for developing T2D
135
What 2 forms of exercise should be used for reducing T2D risk?
Aerobic and Resistance
136
How does aerobic exercise decrease the risk for T2D?
-Improves fitness, and reduces complications of diabetes, such as lowered risk of heart disease, and improved diabetes (blood sugar, blood fats and blood pressure)
137
How does aerobic exercise decrease the risk for T2D?
Maintaining or increasing lean muscle, burning calories at rest throughout the day, weight control and diabetes management
138
What are 6 ways to improve cognitive healthy aging?
1. PA
2. Social/Leisure Activities
3. Intellectual Engagement
4. Nutrition
5. Stress Management
6, Sleep
139
What are the 7 behavioural and lifestyle intervention research for Alzheimer's and dementia?
1.BP Control
2.Diet
3.Sleep
4.Hearing
5.Cognitive Training
6. Social Engagement
7, PA
140
Highest levels of PA can reduce risk of cognitive decline and dementia by ___%
20%
141
Significant improvements in cognitive health and mental well being can be attributed to which 2 factors?
1. PA programs for older adults
2.Cognitively stimulation exercises
142
PA as a treatment for cognitive healthy aging is best in combo with?
With other cognitively demanding tasks
143
T or F brain training games help improve cognition?
False, not enough evidence
144
Activities like digital photography, knitting, music, dance, theatre and creative writing may help cognition by ?
Establishing cognitive reserve, however some research show no effect
145
What are 9 ways to improve intellectual engagement and cognition?
1.Memory
2.Q of L
3. Self-Esteem
4.Social Interaction
5.Stress
6. Well-being
7.Concentration
8.Relaxation
9.Motivation
146
How many social interaction, networks, supports and activity improve cognition? x6
1. Global Cognition (Activity, Networks, Support)
2. Overal Executive Functioning (A)
3. Working memory (A)
4. Visuospatial abilities (A)
5. Processing Speed (A)
6. Episodic Memory (S)
147
Calorie restriction benefits cognitive aging in older adults?
False
Controversy shows benefits but not in older adults
148
What diet is recommended for lower dementia risk?
Mediterranean Diet
149
What 4 nutrients should be required to reduce the risk of cognitive disorders?
1.Proteins
2.Fibre
3. Vit D
4.Omega-3 Fatty Acids
150
What is a common nutrition deficiency related to cognitive disorders?
Isolated Vitamin deficiencies
151
What are the 2 results of a healthy diet?
IMPROVED:
1.Cognitive Health
2.Mental Health
152
What are the 4 ways aging can contribute to stress? (ORDER)
ORDER
1. Perceived Stress
2. Behavioral Response (fight or flight, personal behaviour-diet, exercise)
3. Individual differences (genes, stress responsively, experience)
4.Physiological response (HPA activation, Inflammation)
ALL EFFECTS ALLOSTATIC LOAD
153
What are 3 results of being sleep deprived?
1. Impaired mPFC to Amygdala connectivity
2. Hard Time Assessing own and others' emotions (can't tell between non-threatening and threatening)
3. Increased Neg. Response Bias (BAD MOOD)
154
What is a death-avoidant society?
Avoid talking about death =Taboo
155
How has dying changed since the 1900's? x2
1.Most people used to die in their homes surrounded by family and community, no die in facilities
2.People are living longer with more complex diseases
156
What is the most common type of death?
Slow or Stuttering Decline
157
What is hospice palliative care WHO?
An approach that improves Q of L of patients and their families facing problems associated with life-threatening illness through the prevention and relief of suffering using early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual
158
What is hospice palliative care ONTARIO?
Comfort, meaning and support for people facing the end of life and their families
159
When and where was residence hospice created?
1960's in England
160
When and where did residence hopsice start in Canada?
1970's, WPG and MTRL
161
When was the Canadian Palliative care association established?
1991
162
When was the model to guide palliative care:based on the national principles and norms of practice established?
2002
163
T or F Palliative Care is a new concept
TRUE however we have always cared for the dying
164
What is Palliative care? x3
1. Compassionate and uphold the patient's Right to Die with Dignity
2. Provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms
3. Affirms life and regards dying as a normal process
165
T or F, Palliative care can possibly influence course of illness?
True
166
Are palliative care and hospice care the same thing?
Yes
167
Where do people receive hospice palliative care?
1. Home
2. Community
3. Hospitals
4.Long-term Care
5. residential Hospices
168
Who may be on a palliative care team?
1. Family Physician
2. Spiritual Counsellor/Religious Leader
3. Physio
4. Personal Support Workers
5. Palliative Nurses
6. Palliative Physician
7. Social Worker
8. Traditional Medicine Worker
9. Death Doula
10. Nutrients
11. Pharmacist
12. OT
169
Palliative care teams are ____ and ______?
Broad and Hollistic
170
What does dying look and feel like socially? x4
1) Social withdrawal
2) Talking to or seeing people and things that are not there
3)Excessive fatigue and Sleep
4) Temporary Dramatic Improvement
171
What does dying look and feel like Digestive Functions? x4
1) Less Interest in Food
2) Odd Cravings
3) No longer drinking or eating
4)Incontinence (lack of self regulation)
172
What does dying look and feel like Muscular? x3
1)Loss of movement, muscle tone and sensation
2) Jaw drops, mouth stays open
3) Dace looks peaceful and relaxed
173
What does dying look and feel like Circulatory? x4
1)Pulse is fast, weak and irregular
2) BP falls
3) Skin is mottled or bluish
4)Cold hands and feet
174
What does dying look and feel like Respiratory? x2
1)Cheyne-Stokes Breathing
2)Gurgling Sounds
175
What are the 2 signs of death?
1) Absence of pulse, respirations and BP
2)Fixed dilated pupils
176
What care does a dying person need x11?
1)Listening
2) Gentle Touch
3)Pain Relief
4) Physical Comfort
5)Vision Support
6)Hearing Support
7)Communication Adaptations
8)Mouth Care
9)Incontinence Care
10)Nutritional Support
11)Compassion
177
What are the three things that happen after death?
1)Postmortem Care
2)Death is Certified
3)Body Disposition
178
What occurs in postmortem care x3?
1)Positioning the body before rigor mortis develops (2-3 hrs after death)
2)Personal care
3)Rituals
179
What occurs when a death is certified? x3
1) The healthcare provided pronounces death
2) Physician completes a medical death certificate
3) Death is registered
180
What may occur in body dispositions x7?
1)Get a burial permit
2) The body is transported
3)Cremation
4) Aquamation
5) Standard Burial
6) Green Burial
7) Funeral/ Ceremonies
181
What are 5 things that may effect the way grief occurs?
1)Circumstances of death
2)Relationship to dead
3)Support System
4)Personal experience with death and grief in past
5)Culture, Religion, Spirtuality
182
What are factors to be considered about Queer people? x7
1) 3x more likely to be single
2) Less likely to have children to care for them
3) Less likely to be in contact or on good terms with family of origin
4) More susceptible to isolation
5) More reluctant to seek care due to fear of stigma or discrimination that could delay diagnosis, care, and treatment
6) Likely to higher incidence of life-limiting and life-threatening disease
7) More likely to have mental health issues
183
Factors of Queer that may neg. Impact healthcare and palliative care? x5
1)Discrimination or stigma may prevent access
2)Assumption by healthcare providers about identity and family structure may result in discrimination
3)Chosen family may not be respected and recognized as next of kin
4)Increased pressure of the caregiver due to accessing care late or not at all
5)Loss and grief is often unrecognized and poorly shape increasing sense of isolation
184
What are some examples of negative impacts of healthcare on Queer? x7
1. Misgendering
2. Name is different from legal name
3. Multiple partners are not respected
4. Patient is out to all loved ones
5. Trauma Survivors
6. Facilities are gendered and therefore unsafe to use
7. Patients educating doctors
185
What are 7 things care providers can learn from the queer community to make death a better experience?
1. Accepting people for who they are in that moment
2. Trusting self-knowledge (ppl know themselves the best)
3. Creating solutions to get needs met
4. Resiliency
5. Self-Advocacy
6. Always cared for each other
7. Beautiful, expressive ritual
186
Historical Consideration for Queer People that concern ageing and dying? x4
1. Traumatic Causes of Death
2. Lack of Trust in the Medical System
3. Unable to be with loved ones do to homo/transphobia
4.Lack of elders to turn to
187
Community Care for Queer People that concern ageing and dying? x3
1. Alternative care when the health system fails
2. Alternative spiritual practices when religion shuns them
3. 21% are caregivers to friends compared to 6% of heterosexuals
188
Social Isolation of Queer People that concerns ageing and dying? x4
1. Being in long-term care as queer (fear of being being re-closest)
2. Fellow queer friends are dying
3.Lack of resources aimed for queer seniors
4.Pressure of compulsive heterosexuality
189
Funerals of Queer People that concern ageing and dying? x3
1. Burial Clothes
2.Gender Washrooms
3.Funeral home safe
190
What is the role of a death doula?
Death doulas have the time, training and energy to provide excellent palliative care and fill the gaps left in the healthcare system.
191
What does a death doula do?
1. Psychosocial Support
2. Spiritual and Religious Support
3. Legacy Project Work
4. Caregiver Respite
5. Liaising between the healthcare team, and client/family, advocating for a client
6. Systems Navigation
7. Light Personal, home, and pet care
8. Cataloging and sorting belomgings
9. Ritual design and facilitation
10. Planning and coordinating final days, hours
11. Vigiling
192
What is Wisemoves Kingston?
Erin O'Brien Business for Personal Training for older adults
193
What are the 4 services the wise move Kingston provides?
1. Group Exercise Classes
2. Personal Training (Gym)
3. In Home Personal training
4. Virtual Training
194
What are the positive impacts of PA? x10 Medical Terms
1. Increased Independence
2. Increased Socialization
3. Decreased Fall Risk
4. Strong Bones and Muscles
5. Improved Sleep Quality
6. Improved Cognitive Function
7. Improved Mental Health
8. Healthy Appetite and Digestion
9. Improved Mood
10. Weight Management
195
What are the positive impacts of PA? x10 People Terms
1. Joy
2. Invigoration
3. Confidence
4. Enthusiasm for Life
5. Peace
6. Inspiration
7. Strength (physical and mental)
8. Pride
9. Optimism
10. Refreshed Contentedness
196
Who was most influenced by COVID and why?
Older Adults
-Still recovering from the pandemic, the process of returning to their previous patterns and habits has been much slower
197
How has COVID affected older adults? x8
1. Social Isolation and Loneliness
2.Fear of getting sick
3. Most vulnerable population
4. Lack of PA
5. House-Bound
6. Poor Mental Health
7. High Stress
8. Drastic Change of Lifestyle
198
Who may be on the health team of an older adult? x10
1. Family Doctors
2. Neurologists
3. Massage Therapists
4. Chiropractors
5. Speech Therapists
6. Family Doctors
7. Nurse Practitioners
8. OT
9. PT
10. Dieticians
199
Who is missing from a health team who should be on it and why?
Personal Trainers/ Fitness Specialist
-Not covered by health care
-PA has been shown as a considerable benefit to healthy aging
-Older adults often need specialized care due to their abilities and injuries, and most are worried to engage in PA regardless but it is needed cuz it helps so personalization makes it better
200
Why should social personal trainers and fitness specialists be covered?
PA is so important and has many preventable. characteristics
-PROACTIVE instead of REACTIVE
201
How are personal trainers Proactive? x3
Reduce:
-Drugs Use
-Hospitalization
-Load on medical practitioners
202
Standard Framework for Health care funding covers? x4
-Hospitalization
-Drugs
-Medical Staff
-Peri-Medical Practitioners (Some)
ALL to a limit
203
What is the flaw of our health care system?
Reactive instead of Proactive
204
What are the barriers to older adults receiving PA and personal training? x6
1. Older adults are on fixed incomes
2. Many other expenses
3.Many can't afford training fees
4.Trainers need to still make a livable wage even tho wanna help
5.The people that need it most cannot access it
6. There is no coverage for fitness training
205
What are the 4 things that occur if we remove barriers to fitness? Yes to personal trainers
1. trainers are common health team members
2.People are healthier
3.Decreased pressure on health system
4. Fitness and activity for everyone
206
T or F trainers and PA benefit is often overlooked?
True
207
What are the benefits of Gerontechnology? x3
1. Feelings of Safety
2. Feelings of Security
3. Concrete benefits such as beneficial results (decreasing risk such as less time on ground)
208
What is modern gerontechnology?
-An interdisciplinary field linking existing and developing technologies to the aspirations and needs of aging adults.
-Supports successful aging and is a response to to the combination of the aging of society and rapidly emerging technolgies
209
Is Gerontology static?
NO, Needs of older adults merge with technology available
210
What are the 3 subcategories of gerontechnology?
1. Succesful Aging
2. Improve Communication and Mobility
3. Aging in Place
211
How does Gerontechnology support healthy aging?
Gerontechnology might include any device or intervention contributing to a person's perception of healthy aging.
-Meeting where they are and helping age well from there
212
How has healthy aging changed over the years?
Shifted from a biomedical to a more holistic view and towards a more subject aspect of the ageing process
213
How does gerontechnoogy improve communication and mobility?
1. Wearables
2. Implants and Replacements
3. Mobility Aids
4. Cognitive Aids
214
What is aging in place?
-Most seniors want to keep living independently for as long as possible.
-This desire is referred to as aging in place
-Remaining living in the community, with some level of independence rather than in residential care.
215
How does gerontechnology support aging in place? x2
1. Traditional Technology
2. Non-traditional Technology
216
What are traditional technologies?
-Technologies that facilitate human contact
-Can be used to personally connect or for travel
217
What are non-traditional technologies?
-Robots and first-voice technology can be used to connect with loved ones, assists in daily living, etc,
218
What are the 2 types of non-traditional technologies
1. Smart Home Devices (You interact with it)
2. AAL Systems (It interacts with you)
219
What is the purpose of Smart Home Devices?
Voice Activated, Linked to WIFI, Smart Home System
-Provide Autonomy for those facing challenges to independent living.
-Take place of caregiver for adjusting the thermostat, light, setting reminders
220
What are AAL Systems?
Ambient Assisted Living
-Various sensors that use AI to analyze behaviour and compare it to established patterns, identify divergences and call caregivers if needed.
221
How may Smart Home Devices help to age in place?
1. Wi-Fi Routers
2.Security Systems
3.Thermostats
4.Streaming Devices
5.Smart Displays
6.Smart Speakers
7. Smoke Detectors
222
How may a smart home system be difficult/ things to consider if you want it to help with healthy aging?
1) Tech May too Difficult (consider ease of access)
2) Is there other people to help if tech fails
3) Is there a plan B if it fails,
(security systems, can they still function without it)
223
What is RF-Pose?
-Provides accurate pose estimation through walls and obstructions
-Leverages the fact that wireless signals in Wi-Fi frequencies traverse walls and reflect off the human body
224
How may AAL be helpful? x3
1) Constant vigilance and security
2)Known the location of fall/unconscious
3)Quick response time, response goes to appropriate people
225
How may AAL be harmful? x4
1)Personal Life becomes known to their caregivers and even family members
2)Might have to explain ling times in the bathroom,bedroom,etc,
3)Possible 24/6 surveillance
4)Cancer exposures
226
What are 3 consideration for Gerontechnology?
1) A fine line between wanting to help vs. relinquishing autonomy
2)Is intervention sustainable
-will it break/need to be replaced often
3)Does the intervention require more attention to detail
-gets into old peoples head (fear and anxiety towards it)
-Keeps breaking/too many questions
-More harm than good
227
Is Aging in place about changing the environment or changing people/monitoring them?
Changing Environment
-Community interventions/socialization = most success
228
What does gerontechnology believe aging in place is about?
-Changing person/how to monitor them
229
Will tech increase the amount of adults in long term care?
I beleive Decrease
-Can be monitored from a distance, can be safe, and have surveillance
-Can have independence at home and complete for independent tasks. Such as reminders for meds, fall protection, closing blinds etc,
230
Are ALL/Care predict texhnologies needed?
Studies show not necessarily
-COMMUNICATION seems to be the solution
-Increases were shown when there was caregiver + caregiver communication and caregiver + resident communication, rather than monitoring and surveralliance.
231
What are 4 things to consider about gerontology/offering it to older adults?
1. Ever-evolving technology at the same rate as mainstream tech
2. Accessibility and sustainability of the intervention.
3. Cost to benefit
4. Population in question
