Kreisle -- Lecture #2

Question 1

Molecules have to be less than ____ MW to get through glomerular filter

Answer 1

42000

Question 2

HCO3, CO2, pH, Anion Gap.

Metabolic Acidosis – Direction of movement?

Answer 2

HCO3 – Down
CO2 – Down
pH – Down
Plasma Anion Gap – Up

Question 3

HCO3, CO2, pH, Anion Gap.

Respiratory Acidosis – Direction of movement?

Answer 3

HCO3 – Up
CO2 – Up
pH – Down

Question 4

Body Fluid is split into ICF and ECF in what ratio

Answer 4

2/3 - ICF

1/3 – ECF

Question 5

Fractional difference of extracellular fluid between interstitial volume and plasma volume?

Answer 5

Interstitial – 3/4

Plasma – 1/4

Question 6

Split up of %body weight, %ICF, %ECF

Answer 6

60
40
20

Question 7

What is the hematocrit?

Answer 7

% volume of cells in blood

Question 8

Equation for blood volume

Answer 8

Plasma Volume/1-Hct

Question 9

TBW of blood in each gender

Answer 9

60% men

50% women

Question 10

What is the dye dilution equation?

Answer 10

Injected-Excreted/ Concentration at Equilibrium

Question 11

Makers of Total Body Water?

Answer 11

D2O, tritiated water, antipyrine

Question 12

Markers of Extracellular water?

Answer 12

Radioactive NaCl
Thiosulfate
Manitol
Inulin

Question 13

Markers of Plasma Volume

Answer 13

Evans Blue

Radioactive Albumin

Question 14

How is interstitial fluid volume measured?

Answer 14

Extracellular Water (Inulin) - Plasma (Albumin)

Question 15

How will isoosmotic expansion change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 15

Increased ECF volume

Question 16

What is measured in the vertical and horizontal direction in a darrow yannet diagram

Answer 16

Vertical – Conc of Solute

Horiz – Volume in the ICF and ECF

Question 17

Example of a scenario with isoosmotic expansion change?

Answer 17

Infusion of isotonic saline

Question 18

How will hypoosmotic vol expansion change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 18

Decrease in concentration

Some more volume in ICF and ECF

Question 19

Biological examples of hypoosmotic volume expansion?

Answer 19

SIADH
Compulsive Water Drinker
Right Sided Heart Failure
Cirrhosis

Question 20

How will hyperosmotic vol expansion change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 20

Increase in osmolarity

Fluid moves from ICF to ECF

Question 21

Biological examples of hyperosmotic volume expansion

Answer 21

Infusion of NaHCO3

Na containing antibiotic

Question 22

Three examples of hypotonic volume contraction (net salt loss)?

Answer 22

Replace sweat loss with water
Addison’s disease
Loop diretics

Question 23

Six examples of hypertonic volume contraction

Answer 23

Diabetes insipidus
Dehydration
Sweating
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Alcohol

Question 24

Two examples of isotonic volume contraction

Answer 24

Loss of blood

Secretory Diarrhea

Question 25

How will isoosmotic vol contraction change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 25

Loss of ECF volume

Question 26

Examples of isoosmotic vol contraction?

Answer 26

Loss of Whole Blood | Diarrhea

Question 27

Examples of hypoosmotic volume contraction?

Answer 27

Addison's Disease | Use of Loop Diuretics

Question 28

How will hypoosmotic vol contraction change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 28

Volume pulled into ICF | Decreased Concentration

Question 29

How will hyperosmotic vol contraction change a darrow yannet diagram?

Answer 29

Less volume in each compartment | Increased Concentration

Question 30

Give an example of hyperosmotic volume contraction?

Answer 30

Sweating (because you lose more H2O than Na)

Question 31

Why are isotonic solutions used clinically?

Answer 31

To rapidly expand intravascular volume

Question 32

Concern of using 0.9% NaCl solution to expand volume?

Answer 32

Adds to Total Sodium | Be wary with heart failure, pulm edema patients

Question 33

Why does 5% dextrose act as a hypotonic solution?

Answer 33

While isotonic, the dextrose is used up by cells

Question 34

When shouldn't you use Ringer's Lactate?

Answer 34

Don't use on an alkalotic patient | Liver converts it to bicarb