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PHARMACOLOGY I > L10: ANS Intro > Flashcards

L10: ANS Intro Flashcards

1
Q

The ANS is ______ consciously controlled

A

NOT

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2
Q

what is the major function of the ANS

A

maintain physiological homeostasis
(regulated CO, BP, blood flow, digestion, adrenal function, bronchodilation, etc)

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3
Q

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

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4
Q

fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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5
Q

parasympatheticpreganglionic fibers are _____, while post ganglionic fibers are _______

A

LONG
short

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6
Q

what is the most important preganglionic parasympathetic nerve

A

VAGUS NERVE CN X

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7
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from the ____, ______ and ________

A

midbrain
medulla oblongata
sacral intumescence

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8
Q

preganglionic fibers of the PNS release ______

A

ACh

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9
Q

preganglionic neurons leave the spinal cord and terminate in _______

A

paravertebral chains

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10
Q

the only endogenous NT that stimulates the ANS and acts in both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the ANS

A

acetylcholine

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11
Q

the _____ chain allows for rapid, coordinated signal transmission through the entire sympathetic system

A

paravertebral

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12
Q

substance from adrenal gland that acts exclusively in the Sympathetic arm of the ANS

A

Adrenaline (Epi)

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13
Q

nicotinic receptors found in all ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

A

Nn (nicotinic neuron) receptors in postsynaptic junctions and adrenal medulla

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14
Q

nicotinic receptors that are found in neuromuscular junctions of the somatic NS

A

Nm
nicotinic muscular receptors

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15
Q

where is the one place ACh has an effect on sympathetic tissue

A

sweat glands (except horses)

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16
Q

muscarinic receptors (M) are present in all _______ post-synaptic junctions

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

Sympathetic innervation comes from _______ efferents

A

Thoracolumbar

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18
Q

sympathetic (thoracocolumbar) preganglionic fibers are ______ while post ganglionic sympathetics are _______

A

Short
Long

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19
Q

where are Nn cholinergic receptors found

Nn= nicotinic nerve

A
  • ALLpostsynaptic ganglion junctions
  • adrenal medulla
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20
Q

muscarine stimulates what receptors

A

Muscarainic (M) receptors

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21
Q

where are muscarinic (M) receptors found

A

in all parasympathetic post-synaptic junctions
heart, blood vessels, bronchioles, eye, bladder

AND
in sympathetic sweat gland (excpet in horses)

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22
Q

where are α1 adrenergic receptors found?

A
  • vasculature
  • GI
  • urinary bladder
  • spleen
  • piloerector muscles
  • male genitalia
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23
Q

where are α2 adrenergic receptors found?

A
  • sympathetic pre-synaptic nerve terminals
  • some endothelium
  • platelets
  • pancreatic islets
  • kidney
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24
Q

where are adrenergic β1 receptors found?

A
  • heart (stimulatory)
  • GI tract
  • urinary bladder
  • kidney
  • uterus
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25
where are adrenergic β2 receptors found?
* **bronchioles** * heart * vasculature (skeletal blood vessels) * liver * pancreas * fat cells * **sympathetic presynaptic nerve terminals**
26
what is the only type of sympathetic receptor found in the bronchioles
β2
27
what are the endogenous NTs
* NE * Epi * Dopamine
28
where is NE released from
majority of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves EXCEPT sweat glands
29
what receptors does NE stimulate
α and some β1
30
where is epinephrine released from
adrenal medulla (in a mixture w/ NE)
31
where does epinephrine go and what does it act on / what receptors
* everywhere! (it's a hormone) * **acts at nerve synapses or directly on vasculature** * stimulates α and β receptors
32
what receptors does dopamine activate
* vascular α (in high doses) * cardiac β1 (inotropic) - mid doses * **DA receptors in renal and mesenteric vasculature** - low doses
33
the resting tone of blood vessels (basal sympathetic tone) in controlled by ______ innervation
sympathetic
34
sympathetic stimulation of innervated receptors in vasculature smooth muscle maintains ?
blood pressure basal sympathetic tone
35
is there normally any parasympathetic stimulation in the vasculature
no, therfore no active vasodilation
36
what type of M receptors are in the endothelium in vasculature
un-innervated M receptors
37
the response of vascular smooth muscle to sympathetic stimulation depends on ________
**receptor distribution**
38
in the skin and reservoir veins, what is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on vasculature
vasoconstriction (α1)
39
in skeletal muscle, what is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on vasculature
NE: vasoconstriction Epinephrine: vasoconstriction - if high levels of Epi (α1) vasodilation - if low levels of Epi (β2)
40
what receptors in vasculature are more sensitive to epinephrine than α1 are?
β2
41
in visceral and renal vasculature, what is the effect of sympathetic stimulation (NE, Epi and DA)
NE: vasoconstriction Epi: vasodilation if low levels, β2 Epi: vasoconstriction if high elvels, α1 DA: vasodilation of low levels via DA receptors, renal DA: vasoconstriction if high levels of DA, α1
42
cardiac output is the result of ___ + _____
heart rate and Stroke volume
43
Mean arterial pressure is the result of what 3 things?
* peripheral vascular resistance * cardiac output * stroke volume
44
preload, afterload and contractility determine ...
stroke volume
45
parasympathetic stimulation of the respiratory system causes...
bronchoconstriction and induces mucus secretion
46
what nerve innervates the respiratory system
vagus (M receptor)
47
what is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of the respiratory system
bronchodilation β2 receptors
48
the facial nerve when stimulated by parasympathetics, stimulates _____ glands
salivary
49
what does the vagus nevrve innervate in the GI tract
* esophagus * stomach * pancreas * liver * smal intestines
50
effect of vagus nerve stimulation on GI tract
* relaxes sphincters * stimulates GI motility * stimuates gastric acid secretion
51
innervation of large intestines originates from the ______ and stimulates intestinal motility
lumbosacral intubescence
52
effects of sympathetics on the GI tract
* reduced salivary glands secretion * reduced motility * reduced acid secretion * decreased secretion by pancreatic acinar cells * increased secretions from islet cells (insulin) * increased sphincter contraction * increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by liver * increases lipolysis
53
parasympathetic effects on genitourinary
* erection * relaxes urinary sphincter * induces contraction of urinary bladder fundus
54
sympathetic effects on genitourinary
* mediates uterine contraction cycle * ejaculation * increases renin secretion * contracts urinary sphincter, relaxes fundus
54
parasympathetics effects on eye
* increases tear formation * opens anterior chamber angle --> increases outflow of aqeous humor through the canal of schlemm and decreases IOP
55
what CN mediates parasympathetics to the eye
CN III oculomotor
56
sympathetics work on what receptors in the eye
α - contract radial muscles - mydriasis alpha have no effect on accommodation β - increaes aequous humor production causing increased IOP β - relaxes ciliary muscles allowing for accomadation of nearby objects
57
sympathetics on the spleen
α - contraction β2 -relaxation
58
piloerector muscles are mediated by ____ receptors and causes...?
α , contraction
59
what type of parasympathetic fibers are usually found within the innervated organ
short post ganglionics
60
what is the only endogenous NT that stimulates the cholinergic NS
ACh
61
Nn receptors in the adrenal medulla stimulate the release of ______ from _______
epinephrine from adrenals

PHARMACOLOGY I (21 decks)

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