L12- Clinical Epidemiology, Bias-Chance-Confounding Flashcards Preview

TERM 3- Premidterm > L12- Clinical Epidemiology, Bias-Chance-Confounding > Flashcards

Flashcards in L12- Clinical Epidemiology, Bias-Chance-Confounding Deck (9)
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1
Q

what are the two types of error in a study

A
  • random

- systematic

2
Q

what are the two types of biases in systemic error

A
  • information bias: in data collection

- selection bias: in subject enrollment / participation

3
Q

what are the two types of information biases

A
  • random misclassification

- non-random misclassification

4
Q

what ate the two types of non-random misclassifications

A
  • recall bias

- observer bias

5
Q

define effect modification

A
  • when the combination of two variables/exposures has a higher risk than then the sum of the individual risks
  • implies the variables share an interaction
6
Q

define response bias

A
  • anything to influence the answers to survey questions

- includes question and interviewer bias

7
Q

define Berkson’s bias

A
  • idea that studies of people in hospital deals with patients of worse health and health behaviors
  • therefore hospital based studies cannot be generalized to entire population
8
Q

define Pygmalion effect

A

expectations influence actions/behaviors and therefore results; whether negative or positive, it equals a self-fulfilling prophesy

9
Q

lead-time bias vs length time bias

A

Lead- earlier detection seems to lengthen survival time, although no improvement in actual disease progression

Length- slow progressive diseases are more likely to be screened than fast progressive ones, implies screening improves survival