L13- Mucosal

Question 1

Which ab does urogential tract get from systemic vaccine

Answer 1

M iga and igg

Question 2

Which types pf cells wrent present in urogenital for af sampling (no malt)

Answer 2

M cells

Question 3

Why is tolerance important in ugt

Answer 3

Anti sperm cause 12% of intertility, anti embryo is bad too

Question 4

How are weak ig reapomses gotten to ugt

Answer 4

Local reaponses or immunisation

Question 5

How is igg from local infection/corculation and vaccines grt to ugt cervic

Answer 5

Transudation or exidation if lesions present

Question 6

What zone does transudatjkn occur

Answer 6

Transformation zone (weak cergical epithelium)

Question 7

Would there be a humpural reaponse in gut if systemic caccine vs nasal

Answer 7

Mot systemic or nasal. Only in ugt and resp

Question 8

Does ugt respons to local immunisatikn

Answer 8

Only weak if made. Vs gur which needs local immunisation

Question 9

How can damage to vaginal tissues occur shich facilitates infection by creating lesions

Answer 9

Bacterial vaginosis, viruses, trichomonas, candida, tissue damage in menstruation

Question 10

What does lactobacillus release toxic to viruses and microbes

Answer 10

H202, lactic acid (low ph),

Question 11

Which ifn is v imporgant in viral response eg inducing mhc 1, therefore cd8 inducing

Answer 11

Ifn y (rleeased by macro, nk, cd8, cd4)

Question 12

Other than cell mediated and innate, which other rhing is important

Answer 12

Antibody neutralisation of viruses

Question 13

Name some stis at ugt

Answer 13

Bacterial wg neisseria, chamydia, t vaginalis

Hpv and hiv

Question 14

Which stratified cell lauer does hpv infect blockign regeneration

Answer 14

Basal keratinocytes( on basal membrane)

Question 15

Which strains cause 75% of cervical xancer

Answer 15

16 and 18

Question 16

Which protein does igg vaccine blocks for hpv

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

What does hpv requre for entry

Answer 17

Tissue damage to all stratified eg via other viruses/infections

Question 18

What sort of replicstion snd jntegrstion of dna into cells xauses cancer

Answer 18

Episomal replication

Question 19

Which igg msot improtjst

Answer 19

Igg

Question 20

Which cells does hiv infect

Answer 20

Many diff immunology cells but most cd4 t cells

Question 21

Which cells jnlike in hpv do not support hiv replication

Answer 21

Epithelial cels

Question 22

Bow is hiv transmitted

Answer 22

80% ugt and some digestivr (if male to male)

Question 23

How is it transferred vertically

Answer 23

Amniotic fluid, breastmilk

Question 24

Which specialised dc in ugt transfer hiv infrcted fells scross batrier to infect other cells

Answer 24

Langerhans cells (only in ugt)

Question 25

How does it become shstemic

Answer 25

If langerhans or dc in gi trsct drain in lymph node

Question 26

Give all entry points in gi tract

Answer 26

Cell to cell transmission Cross epi dc M cells (not in ugt) Damage/lesioned barrier

Question 27

Give some factors increasing hiv transmission

Answer 27

High viral load (start and end) Mucosal infections eg t vaginalis, bv Inflammation/ulcerstion Lower t cell count at wnd of aids

Question 28

Which cirus has the fastest genetic evolution so can evade immunity

Answer 28

Hiv ss rna

Question 29

Contrast epitopes of hpv and hiv

Answer 29

Hpv has l protein which profuces high igg titre Hiv hides all epitopes cia env and gp

Question 30

Why has vaccines not been produced for hiv

Answer 30

Hiv cant induce high titee of ab like hpv can

Question 31

Hpw is ag of hpv introduced and how is it systemic igg

Answer 31

On a vlp specific in shape and size to enter LN

Question 32

How does systemic igg eg from baccine get to lungs for protection

Answer 32

Casculsrisation at the alveoli and ttansudstion

Question 33

Which 2 filutration mechwnisms are thete in lung

Answer 33

Muco coliary in trachea and nasal cilia

Question 34

What types of innate cells in the lungs

Answer 34

Epi, dc, mast, neutrophils, mscrophages

Question 35

Which 2 ab

Answer 35

Siga (top), igg (lower)

Question 36

Which cell type produces surfsctant for gas exhcnage and pathogen celarance

Answer 36

Type II epi cells alveolar

Question 37

What is type 1 for

Answer 37

Efficient exchnage because fused eith endothelium

Question 38

Which surfactant proteins are opsonins for clearance of pathogens

Answer 38

Protein a and d (similar to compelemtn opsonins)

Question 39

What other molecules are at lungs

Answer 39

Amps, lysozymes, lactoferrins, compelment

Question 40

How does homing eg of b cells from nalt ge tto bronchi

Answer 40

Mec ccl28 and ccr10

Question 41

What is needed for elimination of pathogens but compromises airway ventilstipn and bloor gas exchnage

Answer 41

Inflammation

Question 42

Give an exmaplr of aorway viruses causing autoimmunity

Answer 42

Rhinovirus and asthma

Question 43

Which articlr discusses secondsry infectikns eith infleunza virus

Answer 43

Mccullers 2014

Question 44

Which thpes of bscteria increased due to influenza in spanish flu

Answer 44

Strep pneumoniae, staph aureus, h. Infleunzae

Question 45

How did influenza allow stopping of removal of strep penumoinae by cilia

Answer 45

Cleaving of NA from sialic acid which is on host mucus. This allowed s pneumoniae acces to receptors and blocking of mucociliary function

Question 46

How did the tepair after infleunza virus infection allow secondsry infection

Answer 46

Expsoure of collagen and laminin etc allowed ahesins from bacteria to adhere

Question 47

In a notmal cytokine production, what are the major cytokines rleeaded eg by nscrophages

Answer 47

Il6, tnf a

Question 48

What do these get counterscted by yo stop excess

Answer 48

Il 10, t regs, tgf b etc

Question 49

How did il6 in particular cause issues in sars cov 2

Answer 49

Its involved in vascular coagulation = clotting and renal failure

Question 50

Which article doscusses il6 and cosgulation and inflammation in sars

Answer 50

Zhang et al 2020

Question 51

How can il6 via coagulation fause inflammation

Answer 51

Increase platelet and paf which is a vasodilator, allows mast degranulstion etc