L3

Question 1

should be carefully designed and carefully controlled

Answer 1

Experiments

Question 2

the dimension that is intentionally manipulated (the antecedent)

Answer 2

Independent Variable

Question 3

difference in both subject variables and manipulated IV

Answer 3

Confounding

Question 4

The behavior we expect to change. Assumed dependent on the value of the IV

Answer 4

Dependent Variable

Question 5

can not be directly observed; are manifested differently.

Answer 5

Hypothetical Constructs

Question 6

Many concepts have more than one meaning

Answer 6

Operational Definitions

Question 7

How word is used in everyday language

Answer 7

Conceptual Definition

Question 8

Precise meaning of a variable within an experiment

Answer 8

Operational Definition

Question 9

specifies how a researcher manipulates or measures a variable in an experiment. It ensures that abstract concepts (like intelligence or stress) are defined in a way that allows them to be tested scientifically

Answer 9

Experimental operational definition

Question 10

Description of what was done to measure the variable. Exact descriptions of the specific behaviors or responses, and how those responses are scored

Answer 10

Measured Operational Definition

Question 11

Consistency and depedability

Answer 11

Reliability

Question 12

two observers take measurements and agree

Answer 12

Interrater reliability

Question 13

taking the test again after a reasonable interval

Answer 13

Test-Retest reliability

Question 14

different parts of the questionnaire attain consistent results

Answer 14

Interitem Reliability

Question 15

Actually studying the variable intended to be studied

Answer 15

Validity

Question 16

Providing evidence for the validity of an experimental procedure

Answer 16

Manipulation Check

Question 17

fair sample of the quality we intend to measure

Answer 17

Content Validity

Question 18

procedures yield information that enables us to predict future behavior

Answer 18

Predictive Validity

Question 19

Scores on the measuring device correlate with scores obtained from another method

Answer 19

Concurrent Validity

Question 20

It answers “Does the test or procedure actually measures the construct studied?”

Answer 20

Construct Validity

Question 21

refers to the extent to which a test or measurement appears to measure what it is supposed to measure, based on a superficial or subjective judgment. It does not involve statistical analysis but rather relies on whether the test looks appropriate to experts or participants.

Answer 21

Face validity

Question 22

Other things (besides the IV) that may be changing throughout the experiment that can potentially alter the values of the DV

Answer 22

Extraneous Variables

Question 23

Should be controlled

Answer 23

Extraneous Variables

Question 24

Value of an extraneous variable changes systematically across differ conditions of the experiment.

Answer 24

Confounding

Question 25

Experimental results cannot be interpreted with certainty

Answer 25

Confounding

Question 26

Outside events that occurred before the experiment

Answer 26

History

Question 27

Any internal changes in the subjects: fatigue, boredom, development

Answer 27

Maturation

Question 28

Individuals frequently perform (in a test) differently the second time; practice effect

Answer 28

Testing

Question 29

features of the measuring instrument changes; errors in recording, apparatus breakdown, different provided space for response

Answer 29

Instrumentation

Question 30

Extreme score tend to move closer to the mean when the test is given again

Answer 30

Statistical Regression

Question 31

without random assignment, two group may have different preexisting characteristics

Answer 31

Selection

Question 32

more subjects dropout in one experimental condition than the other; the ones left might be unique

Answer 32

Subject Morality

Question 33

selection can interact with history, maturation, or mortality

Answer 33

Selection Interaction