L5: Hypothalamus

Question 1

hypothalamus

Answer 1

the most important control area for homeostatic regulation

Question 2

hypothalamus location

Answer 2

lies under the thalamus on the underside of the brain

Question 3

pituitary consists of

Answer 3

anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

Question 4

pituitary gland sits on

Answer 4

protected pocket of sphenoid bone

Question 5

pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus by

Answer 5

infundibulum

Question 6

anterior pituitary

Answer 6

true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

Question 7

posterior pituitary

Answer 7

not a gland, but rather an extension of neural components of the hypothalamus

Question 8

posterior pituitary function

Answer 8

secretion of neurohormones made in the hypothalamus

Question 9

neurohormones

Answer 9

hormones produced by specialized nerve cells and secreted into the circulation

Question 10

two nuclei in hypothalamus extending axons to posterior pituitary

Answer 10

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 11

supraoptic nuclei synthesize

Answer 11

vasopressin

Question 12

paraventricular nuclei synthesize

Answer 12

oxytocin

Question 13

oxytocin is involved in

Answer 13

stimulation of milk ejection from the mammary glands, contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells until birth during labor

Question 14

vasopressin (ADH) is involved in

Answer 14

water balance processes in kidneys

Question 15

vasopressin and oxytocin are stored and released by

Answer 15

posterior pituitary

Question 16

hypothalamic hormones that regulate anterior pituitary are called

Answer 16

hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones

Question 17

in anterior pituitary regulation, hypothalamic nuclei send axons to

Answer 17

median eminence

Question 18

anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 18

six characterized peptide hormones

Question 19

six anterior hormones

Answer 19

1) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4) Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
5) Prolactin
6) Growth hormone

Question 20

FSH and LH

Answer 20

gonadotropic hormones that stimulate the gonads

Question 21

ACTH

Answer 21

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Question 22

TSH

Answer 22

induces the thyroid to secrete T3 and T4

Question 23

Prolactin

Answer 23

controls milk production in the breast

Question 24

GH

Answer 24

stimulates the liver to secrete the growth promoting hormone, insisting like growth factor

Question 25

tropic hormones

Answer 25

hormones that stimulate other glands:

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Question 26

direct hormones

Answer 26

stimulate another part of body directly:

prolactin and growth hormone

Question 27

ACTH is synthesized in the anterior pituitary from

Answer 27

POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) protein

Question 28

POMC also yields

Answer 28

bete-endorphin, opioid that binds to receptors that block pain perception

Question 29

two inhibitory tropic hormones in hypothalamus

Answer 29

somatostatin (SS) and dopamine (DA)

Question 30

somatostatin inhibits

Answer 30

growth hormone

Question 31

dopamine inhibits

Answer 31

prolactin

Question 32

short-loop feedback

Answer 32

pituitary hormones feed back to decrease hormone secretion by the hypothalamus

Question 33

long-loop feedback

Answer 33

the last hormone in a pathway feeds back to suppress secretion of hormones by the hypothalamus

Question 34

hypophysiotropic hormones reach the anterior pituitary via

Answer 34

the portal vessels connecting hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

Question 35

prolactin controls milk __

Answer 35

production

Question 36

oxytocin controls milk __

Answer 36

ejection