L6 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the formal definition of visual impairments? What two kinds of “blind sights” (legally blind, etc) does this definition include?
These are defined as impairments in vision that even when corrected, affect individual performance. This includes a partial and blindness sight.
Where does the details of the central vision relay to?
The macula
Cones—>
Rods—>
Cones—> colour, good in bright lights, central vision
Rods—> peripheral vision, dim lights, non colour (B&W)
True or false (explain why): visual impairments are just like any other term, it is not an umbrella term and doesn’t include anything besides blindness.
False, the loss of sight is what it’s classified as visual impairments. This can be a consequence of different medical conditions as well
What are some prevalence rates of visual impairments?
- worldwide
- x/x people with visual impairments are blind
- do they affect adults more than children?
- at different ages
Worldwide: 19 million people are affected
1/4 people with VI are blind
These affect fewer children than any other disability
By 65 1/9 will experience irreversible vision loss
By 85 this stat has changed to 1/4
Explain the following classifications of VI:
Visual impairments—> Partial sight—> Blind—> Legal blindness—> Travel vision—> Light perception—> Total blindness—>
Visual impairments—> umbrella term encompassing total blindness and partial blindness
Partial sight—> can read print through magnification and large text
Blind—> unable to read large print even through magnification
Legal blindness—> acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with best possible correction or a field of 20 degree in the better eye
Travel vision—> able to see 5-20ft with normal eye and can see 200ft.
Light perception—> able to distinguish a strong light at a distance of 3ft from the eye but unable to detect a hand movement at 3ft from the eye
Total blindness—> nothing. Can’t see no light and anything
What are the two causes of vision loss? Explain them and give some examples.
Congenital:
- before or at birth (Albnism, retinopathy of prematurity)
Adventitious:
- in childhood or later on
- cataracts, retinus pigmentoa, glaucoma
Explain what glaucoma is. If you have glaucoma, what do you have to avoid?
This can occur in any group (age wise)
It is the increased sensitivity to light and glare.
It is mainly associated with tunnel vision and has pressure between the iris and cornea
If you have this, it is recommended you avoid isometrics, underwater swimming, invert position of the body, and bright lights
What are hearing impairments?
These are classified as invisible disabilities.
What is ‘Hard of hearing’ ? What is Deaf?
This is when hearing loss can range from mild to profound
- the primary method of communication during this is the spoken language
being Deaf means that you have little or no functional audition
Explain (capital)Deaf culture
This is a unique culture that includes:
- social beliefs
- values, behaviours, art, history
Signs language is the main means of communication:
- in deaf culture, deafness is a non issue. People do not considering being deaf as an issue. The main reason for discourses is the social model of disability.
What are the prevalences of auditory disabilities? (Hearing impairments)
- Canadians?
- how many people are culturally deaf?
- Canadian babies?
- 1/4 Canadian people have some hearing loss
- roughly 10% of people identify as culturally deaf
- 4 in 1000 CAD babies are born with hearing loss
True or false: hearing loss is the 2nd most prevalent chronic condition in older adults
False, it is the 3rd most.
What are some structures to the following areas of the ear?
Outer
Middle
Inner
Outer:
- concha
- ear canal (external acoustic meatus)
Middle:
- tympanic membrane
- mallus, incus, stapes
- semicircular canals (control balance)
Inner:
- cochlea
- vestibular and cochlear nerves
- Eustachian tube
What are the three types of hearing loss?
Conductive:
- one or more structures in the outer or middle ear are not functioning properly
- only able to hear loud sounds
- most often medically corrected
Sensory neural:
- results from problems with cochlea, auditory nerve, or hearing Centre
Mixed:
- conductive and sensory combined
Below are the multiple degrees of hearing loss. Explain their hearing threshold and what the difficulty of understanding would be at (I.e, difficult hearing shouting, hearing normal speech, etc.)
Slight-conductive loss:
Mild-use of hearing aid:
Marked:
Severe-sensory:
Slight-conductive loss:
-27-40db, faint speech
Mild-use of hearing aid:
-41-55db, normal speech
Marked:
-56-70db, loud speech
Severe-sensory:
-71-90db, shouting
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Environment
Being active was hindered/enforced through poor lighting, signage, change rooms, and accessibility to the building.
Navigating the building took the longest and drained them physically
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Organizational opportunities: variety, sustainability, and consistency
Pa was facilitated when organizations provided activities that were varied, sustained, and consisted across weeks
PA was not sustained when funding cuts occurred
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Transport and cost
Public transport was inconsistent
More transport types (such as buses and taxis) all facilitated greater access to buildings
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Information
There was a a lack of awareness and information on how to overcome barriers, what activities to do, and how to stay motivated
Some people hear a bout specific ways to engage in activity but have no idea where or when to access it
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Confidence, fear, and personal safety
Many participants reported a lack of confidence regarding their involvement
This was sometimes linked to fear due to in accessibility or injury
There I s also fear of being a target of discrimination and being made fun of
In Phoniex, griffin & smith (2015) reading, discuss the barriers and facilitators that older adults experienced with relations to the:
Exercise in medicine: a healthy body, a healthy mind
Change in body meant some participants found it difficult to participate in regular PA
Others use PA as a form of medicine to facilitate movement
Services should provide a variety of options for participation and PA in local organization
