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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is metabolism

A

all energy transformations that occur in the human body: cellular, chemical, mechanical

Nutrients + O2 –> ATP + heat
ATP –> cell work + heat

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2
Q

What do all energy transformations in the body produce

A

HEAT

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3
Q

The rate of heat production is proportional to what

A

metabolic rate

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4
Q

What are the two types of calorimetry

A

direct and indirect

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5
Q

if you use indirect calorimetry with O2 consumption what two types could it be

A

open circut or closed circut

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6
Q

What are the two ways to measure energy expenditure

A
  1. Direct Calorimetry: directly measures heat loss
  2. Indirect calorimetry: measures O2 consumption
    • valid as measure of EE only when energy comes from oxidative pathway
    • Nutrients + O2 –> heat + CO2 + H2O
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7
Q

What is VO2

A

RATE of oxygen consumption

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8
Q

VO2 is proportional to what

A

energy expenditure (EE) = during predominately aerobic tasks

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9
Q

1 L O2 = how many kcal

A

5kcal

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10
Q

an increased work rate requires a higher or lower rate of energy expenditure

A

higher

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11
Q

What is gross efficiency

A

mechanical power / metabolic power

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12
Q

Why is the human machine not 100% efficient

A

b/c energy is lost as HEAT

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13
Q

Gross efficiency varies with what 4 things

A
  1. work rate
  2. cadence
  3. fiber type
  4. contraction type
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14
Q

energy intake affects/does not affect energy expenditure and vice versa

A

affects

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15
Q

The rate of change of energy stores = what?

A

rate of change of energy intake - rate of change of energy expenditure

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16
Q

What is total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

A

BMR + EAT + NEAT + TEF

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17
Q

What factors affect basal metabolic rate

A

fat-free mass (BMR is proportional)
Age
Sex (lower in females)
body fatness (BMR decrease 0.01kcal/min with every 1% increase in body fat)
genetics
caloric restriction/starvation
exercise

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18
Q

What is the metabolic equivalent (MET)

A

RMR is about 3.5 mL/kg/min
MET is unite that represents multiples of resting metabolic rate
1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min
if someone is working out at VO2 of 10.5mL/kg/min they are exercising at 3 METS

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19
Q

how to calculate VO2in open circut spirometry

A

VO2 = (volume of inspired O2 - volume of expired O2) per minute

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20
Q

how can energy expenditure be calculated for any VO2

A

1 L O2 == 5kcal

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21
Q

What are catabolic reactions

A

those that yield energy

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22
Q

What are anabolic reactions

A

those that require energy input

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23
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

two isolated systems in contact with each other – differ in any way (temperature, density, pressure) will equalize if given the oportunity

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24
Q

When humans transform energy to do work what happens

A

heat is released

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25
the rate of heat loss is measured how
measured as a reflection of the metablolic rate of an organism
26
metabolic rate is measured via what
direct or indirect calorimetry
27
metabolic rate measurement by direct calorimetry involves what
quantifying heat produced by resting or exercising being
28
calorie is what
heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celcius
29
What do you need to know to measure metabolic rate using direct calorimetry
heat of water (1cal/degree/g), mass of water in jacket (g), heat loss (C) from subject to wall
30
is direct calorimetry for what type of metabolism
both aerobic and anerobic metabolism
31
When metabolism is predominately aerobic, the measurement of oxygen uptake can be used to do what
indirectly determine metabolic rate
32
determination of metabolic rate from oxygen uptake is termed what
indirect calorimetry
33
aerobic metabolism utilizes what 3 different substrates
carbohydrates fats proteins all product ATP - depending on substrate used relation between O2 consumption and E will vary
34
caloric expenditure of exercise is what
5kcal/L O2
35
What are the two types of spirometry used in indirect calorimetry
open or closed circut spirometry
36
Open circut spirometry determines what
rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) by subtracting amount of inspired oxygen (VIO2) - oxygen expired (VEO2)
37
What is the formula for VO2 (L/min)
VIO2(L/min) - VE(STPD)O2(L/min)
38
What is the formula for VO2 (L/min)
VIO2(L/min) - VE(STPD)O2(L/min)
39
Wha is the formula for VIO2
(VI)(FIO2)
40
What is VE(STPD)O2
(VE(STPD))(FEO2)
41
how does a douglas bag technique
2 way valve (Daniels valve) -- atmospheric air and removal of expired air
42
What is collected into the douglas bags
volume of expired air --> determine concentration of fractional expired O2 and CO2 using gas machine PARVO
43
why dont oxygen and carbon dioxide fractions in inspired air need to be measured
they are a constant
44
How do you determine the rate of oxygen consumption -- what parameters must be measured
volume of expired air (VE) -- pulmonary ventilation (L/min) fraction of expired oxygen (FEO2) fraction of expired carbon dioxide (FECO2) room temperature barometric pressure
45
What is the constant for FIN2
0.7904
46
What is the constant for FIO2
0.2093
47
What is the constant for FICO2
0.0003
48
what is expired minute ventilation
measured as come out of mouth saturated water vapor and at ambient temp and pressure
49
all expired minute ventilations collected in Douglass Bag corrected how
corrected to dry gas at standard temp and pressure using correction factor VE(STPD)= VE(ATPS) x STPD correction factor
50
What is the equation for the STPD correction factor
= (273/273 + T(Celcius))(Pb-PH20/760)
51
What is gross mechanical efficiency (ME)
ratio of mechanical power (mechanical work rate) to metabolic power (rate of energy expenditure required to maintian specific mechanical work rate)
52
What are normal values for gross mechanical efficiency in humans
0-30% depending on intensity, exercise modality, contraction type, muscle fiber type
53
what is the main component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)
basal metabolic rate (BMR)
54
what is BMR responsible for
energy utilized to sustain all cellular, chemical, and mechanical work at rest (60-70% of TDEE)
55
what is thermic effect of food (TEF)
energy cost for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients -- about 10% of TDEE
56
What is total daily activity thermogenesis (TDAT) broken down into
exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) thermic effect of food (TEF)
57
what is EAT
energy expenditure associated with sport specific exercising
58
what is NEAT
energy cost of all other forms of physical activity
59
when does energy balance occur
when energy intake = energy expenditure rate of change of energy stores = rate of change of energy intake - rate of change of energy expenditure
60
What happens to the graph as an individual eventually reaches steady state
there is an O2 deficit == anerobic
61
what is the equation for STPD correction factor
(273/273+T(degree C)(Pb-PH2O/760)
62
What two conditions must be met during exercise for indirect calorimetry to reflect metabolic rate most accurately
1) must be primarily aerobic metabolism 2) must be at steady state
63
A man weighing 176 lbs runs at a pace of 9 min/mile. His VO2 at this pace is 39 mL/kg*min. If this man exercised at this intensity for 30 minutes each session, how many sessions would it take him to expend the equivalent of 12 lbs. Assume that 1 L O2 = 5kcal and 1lb = 3500 kcal
sessions = 90 (rounded)
64
if an individual were trying to lose weight it would be more advantageous to have a higher or lower gross efficiency
lower gross efficiency because you will burn more calories being less efficient with performing the same movement
65
What is the procedure during this lab
- run 3 conditions: rest, treadmil, ergometer - VO2 measured during rest between 6-7 min and then exercising between 6-7 and 7-8 minute
66

Exercise Physiology Lab (12 decks)

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