lab/diagnostic interpretation

Question 1

glucose transport maximum

Answer 1

180 mcg/dl

Question 2

leukocytosis def

Answer 2

> 11 wbc

Question 3

neutrophils

Answer 3

pyogenic infections
~60%

Question 4

lymphocytes

Answer 4

viral infections, TB
~22%

Question 5

monocytes

Answer 5

TB, viral infections
~5%

Question 6

eosinophils

Answer 6

parasitic infections, drug allergy, cocci
~2-4%

Question 7

4 causes of leukocytosis

Answer 7

infection
steroids
cancer/leukemia
catastrophic event

Question 8

left shift

Answer 8

release of bands and segs from bone marrow in presence of infection

bands go up, indicates infection

correlate w s/s of infection & pain

Question 9

how to diff between leukocytosis d/t infection vs steroids

Answer 9

infections - left shift (neutrophils)
steroids - elevation in all counts

Question 10

causes of glucosuria

Answer 10

fanconi’s syndrome
diabetes
cushing’s

Question 11

causes of ketonuria

Answer 11

alcohol
DKA
starvation

Question 12

nitroprusside test

Answer 12

tests for serum ketones

Question 13

what are acute phase reactants?

Answer 13

proteins that increase in the plasma when you have inflammation

ESR (fibrinogen) & CRP (responds quickly)
haptoglobin
albumin - negative

Question 14

functions of acute phase reactants

Answer 14

help the immune system
fight microbes
trap microbes in local blood clots
increase vascular permeability

Question 15

PT

Answer 15

11-14 seconds
tissue factor pathway
time for fibrin clot to form
warfarin inconsistencies led to to INR

Question 16

normal INR

Answer 16

0.8-1.2
below normal not of clear clinical significance

Question 17

elevated INR due to

Answer 17

medications
deceased synthesis of clotting factors (liver disease, vit K deficiency)
increased consumption of clotting factors (sepsis/DIC)

Question 18

PTT

Answer 18

25-40 seconds
no standardization
elevated in von willebrand, hemophilia, phospholipid antibodies, sepsis, DIC

Question 19

fibrinogen

Answer 19

precursor to fibrin
200-400 mg/dl
high - acute phase reactant, pregnancy
low - liver failure, DIC

Question 20

d dimer

Answer 20

fiber degradation product
present in clot, DIC, sepsis, malignancy, surgery, trauma, liver disease, pregnancy