Lab Exam 1 Flashcards by Mackenzie Vogt

Histology

The study of tissue structure and function

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4 Tissue types

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

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2 primary components of tissue

Cells of similar function

Non-living “Extracellular-Matrix”

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Epithelial basic properties

Highly cellular (Composed almost entirely of cells)
Little extracellular matrix
Avascular
Innervated
Regenerative

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Regenerative

Easily replaces lost cells by cell division

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Avascular

Lack of blood cells

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Innervated

supplied by nerve fibers

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Complexity Classification of Epithelial

Simple or Stratified

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Shape Classification of Epithelial

Squamous
Cuboidal
Culumnar

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Epithelial Important functions

Lines the body cavities and structures (Protection & Lubrication)
Secretion of substances (Sweat)
Absorption of substances (Intestines, kidneys)

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What is Simple Squamous epithelial

single layer of flattened cells with a disc shaped nuclei

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Functions of simple squamous epithelial

diffusion and filtration

provide a slick, friction-reducing lining in lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

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location of simple squamous epithelial

Lining of the heart
Blood vessels
Lining of ventral body cavities
Air sacs of lungs

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What is the simple cuboidal epithelial

Single layer of cube-like cells with large, circular central nuclei

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Function of simple cuboidal epithelial

Absorption and Secretion

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Location of simple cuboidal epithelial

Ducts & secretory glands

Ovary surface

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What is simple culumnar epithelial

Single layer of tall cells with an oval nuclei; many contain cilia

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Function of simple culumnar epithelial

secretion and absorption

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Location of simple culumnar epithelial

Most of the digestive tract
Gallbladder
Some regions of the uterus

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What is pseudostratified columnar epithelial

Single layer of cells of differing heights

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What is stratified squamous epithelial

Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells, (Basal cells are cuboidal or culumnar)

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Function of stratified squamous epithelial

Protection of underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

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Where is stratifies squamous epithelial located

Linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

Epidermis of the skin

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stratified cuboidal and culumnar epithelial

very rare in the body, typically 2 layers thick

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What cells make up Nervous tissue

Neurons

Neurons are branching cells

Nervous tissue function

Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors

Location of Nervous Tissue

Brain Spinal cord Nerves

Types of Connective tissue

Loose Connective | Dense Connective

Types of Loose connective tissue

Aerolar | Adipose

Types of Dense connective tissue

Dense regular | Dense irregular

What is Aerolar loose connective tissue

Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue fibers

Function of Aerolar loose connective tissue

Wraps and cushions organs Plays an important role in Inflammation Holds and conveys tissue fluid

Location of aeorlar loose connective tissue

Widely distributed under epithelial of body. | Packages organs

What is adipose loose connective tissue

Closely packaged fat cells

Function of adipose loose connective tissue

Provides reserve food fuel Insulation Supports and protects organs

Loaction of adipose loose connective tissue

Under skin Around kidneys and eyeballs Abdomen Breasts

What is dense regular dense connective tissue

Primarily parallel collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers Tightly packed together Organized

Function of dense regular dense connective tissue

Attaches muscles to bones Attaches bones to bones Good Tensile strength

Location of dense regular dense connective tissue

Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

What is dense irregular dense connective tissue

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers(Unorganized)

Function of dense irregular dense connective tissue

Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions | Structural strength

Location of dense irregular dense connective tissue

Dermis of the skin | Fibrous capsules of organs and joints

Types of cartilage connective tissue

Hyaline | Elastic

What is hyaline cartilage connective tissue

No distinct shape Halos around cell Most common form of cartilage in the body

Location of Hyaline cartilage

``` Between joints Ribs Nose Trachea Larynx ```

Function of Hyaline cartilage

Supports and reinforces

What is Elastic cartilage connective tissue

Similar to Hyaline but more elastic fibers

Function of Elastic cartilage

Maintains the shape and structure while allowing flexability

Location of elastic cartilage

External ear

What is Bone (Osseous Tissue)

Hard, Calcified matrix with collagen fibers | Looks like tree rings

Function of bone

Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action

Hematopoiesis

Production of blood cells

Where does hematopoiesis occur

bone marrow

Location of bone

Bones

What is blood tissue

Red and White blood cells in a fluid matrix

Function of blood tissue

Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances

Location of blood tissue

Within blood vessels

Types of Muscle tissue

Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

What is Skeletal muscle tissue

Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious ridges | Looks like stripes

Function of skeletal muscle

Voluntary movement Facial expression Voluntary control

Location of skeletal muscle

in muscles attached to bones or occasionally skin

What is cardiac muscle

Unorganized strips that branch off, ridges, interlocking at discs

Function of cardiac muscle

as it contracts it propels blood into circulation | INVOLUNTARY

Location of cardiac muscle

The walls of the heart

What is smooth muscle

spindle shaped cells with central nuclei. | Left to right

Function of smooth muscle

Propels substances or objects along internal passageways | INVOLUNTARY

Location of smooth muscle

Walls of hollow organs

cephalic

whole head

Frontal

Forehead

Buccal

Cheeks

Occipital

Base of skull

Orbital

eye

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

mental

chin

acromial

shoulder

brachial

upper arm

antebrachial

forearm

cubital

wrist

palmar

palm of hand

digital

fingers

cervical

neck

pectoral

upper chest

sternal

breast bone

mammary

lower chest

axillary

armpit

abdominal

stomach

vertebral

spine

dorsal

back

lumbar

lower back

sacral

back pelvic

coxal

hip

inguinal

groin

gluteal

buttocks

femoral

thigh

patellar

front of knee

popliteal

back of knee

sural

calf

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

plantar

sole of foot

Surface towards the bottom

Basal

Surface towards the top

Apical