Lab Midterm Flashcards by Meg Niosi

Volcanic rocks may contains cavities called vesicles that formed by the trapping of gases released during the crystallization of lava. These rocks are called ________.

vesicular

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An example of a felsic phaneritic igneous rock is __________.

granite

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The photo shows an earth material consisting of ________.

an aggregate of grains

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In what mineral would you expect to see these properties?

Reacts weakly with HCl when powdered
3 directions of cleavage not at 90° to each other

Dolomite

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What mineral is pictured?

Muscovite

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Textural terms for ______ rocks will describe average crystal size, variation in crystal size and pore space.

igneous

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The photo shows an earth material consisting of neither crystals or grains. This earth material is considered __________.

amorphous

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___________ : made of particles that are too small to see. This rock breaks into blocky pieces.

Mudstone

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In what mineral would you expect to see these properties?

No cleavage
Granular habit (looks like sugar crystals fused together)
Typically apple-green colour
Can scractch porcelain plate

Olivine

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An example of a felsic aphanitic igneous rock is __________.

rhyolite

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What mineral is pictured?

Galena

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_________ : a course-grained sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments within a matrix of finer grained material.

Breccia

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_________ igneous rocks contain olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase and sometimes hornblende.

Mafic

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_________ igneous rocks contain plagioclase, hornblende, quartz and sometimes pyroxene, biotite and k-feldspar.

Intermediate

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In what mineral would you expect to see these properties?

3 directions of cleavage not at 90° to each other
Reacts strongly with HCl

Calcite

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An example of an intermediate aphanitic igneous rock is _________.

andesite

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____________ : a coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments within a matrix of finer grained material.

Conglomerate

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_________ rocks form at or near the Earth’s surface in one of two ways:

Deposition → Cementation → Compaction (forms a clastic ________ rock)
Precipitation of minerals out of solution (chemical ________ rock)

Sedimentary

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An example of an intermediate phaneritic igneous rock is _________.

diorite

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_______ grains such as silt and clay will only be deposited when a current slows down or stope entirely.

Small

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Rocks formed at the surface of the earth of the earth where lava cools rapidly are called _______________.

extrusive igneous rocks

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__________ igneous rocks consist of olivine with some pyroxene.

Ultramafic

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A sample made up of a single material can be described as __________.

Homogeneous

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What mineral is pictured?

Calcite

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In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * Dull to vitreous * 2 direction of cleavage at 90° to each other * Perthitic texture (irregular lines at different hues) * Can scratch glass plate but not porcelain plate

Alkali Feldspar

Only strong currents can transport _____ clasts such as pebbles and boulders.

large

The photo shows an earth material consisting of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a single crystal

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 2 directions of cleavage at 90° to each other * Twin striations * Can scratch glass plate but not porcelain plate

Plagioclase

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 2 directions of cleavage at 90° to each other * Blocky habit

Pyroxene

Amorphous rocks occur when lava cools so quickly that no crystals develop. This means a ______ texture develops.

glassy

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * No cleavage * Concoidal fracture * Can scratch porcelain plate

Quartz

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 3 directions of cleavage at 90° to each other * Can scratch easily with a steel nail * Translucent to transparent * Tastes like salt

Halite

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 1 direction of cleavage * Transparent * Vitreous lustre * Can be scratched with a fingernail * Colourless or very light brown

Muscovite

What mineral is pictured?

Garnet

A rock with a ________ texture will consist of an aggregate of interlocking crystals that have grown together.

crystalline

For conglomerates, sandstones and breccias, the name must include a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote Ex: *Medium-grained* sandstone Ex: *Pebble* conglomerate Ex: *Granule* breccia

grain-size modifier

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 3 directions of cleavage at 90° to each other * Bright metallic lustre * Very heavy * Can scratch with a penny

Galena

What mineral is pictured?

Pyrite

An example of a mafic phaneritic igneous rock is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

gabbro

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 1 direction of cleavage * Vitreous lustre * Can be scratched with fingernail * Appears opaque but is translucent when held up to the light

Biotite

An example of a mafic aphanitic igneous rock is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Basalt

The finely crystalline texture of extrusive igneous rocks is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

aphanitic

What mineral is pictured?

Kyanite

Rocks formed at the surface of the earth where lava cools rapidly and crystals only have a short time to grow will have _______ crystals.

fine/small

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * No cleavage * Red-brown streak * Metallic lustre * Can be weakly magnetic

Hematite

Rocks formed within the earth where magma cools slowly are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

intrusive igneous rocks

The photo shows an earth material consisting of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

an aggregate of crystals

What mineral is pictured?

Plagioclase

What mineral is pictured?

Alkali Feldspar

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 2 directions of cleavage not at 90° to each other * Typically blue in colour * Bladed habit * Hardness depends on direction

Kyanite

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 2 directions of cleavage (124° and 56°) * Columnar habit

Hornblende

What mineral is pictured?

Biotite

What mineral is pictured?

Dolomite

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: rock made of particles that are too small to see. This rock breaks into thin chips with roughly parallel tops and bottoms.

Shale

What mineral is pictured?

Quartz

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * 1 direction of cleavage * Greenish streak

Chlorite | (wasn't looked at in lab)

What mineral is pictured?

Halite

Samples formed due to inorganic chemical reactions (no remains of organisms or evidence of their activity) can be described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Inorganic

What mineral is pictured?

Hematite

What mineral is pictured?

Pyroxene

Samples containing remains of organisms or formed due to their activity can be described as\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Organic

The coarsely crystalline texture of intrusive igenous rocks is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

phaneritic

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ igneous rocks contain **plagioclase, k-feldspar, quartz, hornblende and biotite.**

Felsic

What mineral is pictured?

Hornblende

Rocks with _____ crystals form within the earth where magma cools slowly and crystals have a long time to grow.

large/coarse

If an ingneous rock is made up primarily of felsic minerals (minerals rich in silica such as quartz, feldspar and muscovite; typically light-coloured minerals), then it is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

felsic igneous rock

If the minerals in an igneous rock are primarly mafic (minerals rich in iron and magnesium such as pyroxene and olivine; typically dark-coloured minerals), then the rock is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

mafic igneous rock

A sample made of several materials can be described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Heterogeneous

What mineral is pictured?

Chlorite | (wasn't shown in lab)

A rock with a _______ texture will consist of an aggregate of grains (broken pieces of other rocks and minerals) that have subsequently been cemented together.

clastic

What mineral is pictured?

Olivine

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * No cleavage * Dodecahedral habit (soccer ball-like shape) * Can scratch porcelain plate

Garnet

A _________ texture occurs when two different crystal sizes develop in the same rock. Large crystals called phenocrysts are enclosed in a mass of relatively smaller crystals.

porphyritic

In what mineral would you expect to see these properties? * Bright metallic lustre * Dark grey-green streak * Brassy yellow (can be brown if weathered) * Blocky habit -forms cubes

Pyrite | (also known as "fool's gold"!)

Lab Midterm Flashcards

(74 cards)