Lab objectives for Oral 1

Question 1

What is anatomical position and why is it used?

Answer 1

It is where the individual stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor. The head is level, and the eyes look forward the observer. The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body. By visualizing the body in anatomic position, all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions

Question 2

Anterior (Ventral) means

Answer 2

Toward front

Question 3

Medial means

Answer 3

Toward midline

Question 4

Superior means

Answer 4

Toward head

Question 5

Inferior means

Answer 5

Away from the head

Question 6

Lateral means

Answer 6

Toward the side

Question 7

Posterior (dorsal) means

Answer 7

Toward rear

Question 8

Proximal means

Answer 8

Closer to center than reference point

Question 9

Distal means

Answer 9

Farther away than reference point

Question 10

Superficial (external) means

Answer 10

Toward surface

Question 11

Deep (internal) means

Answer 11

Away from surface

Question 12

Section implies

Answer 12

An actual cut or slice to expose the internal anatomy

Question 13

Plane implies

Answer 13

An imaginary flat surface passing through the body

Question 14

What are the 3 major anatomic planes through the body?

Answer 14

1) Coronal plane
2) Transverse plane
3) Midsagittal plane

Question 15

The coronal plane

Answer 15

Also called frontal plane, a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

Question 16

The transverse plane

Answer 16

Also called cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane, cuts perpendicularly along the axis of the body or organ. The body or organ is separated into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts, and the relationship of neighboring organs at a particular level is revealed

Question 17

The midsagittal plane

Answer 17

Or median plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

Question 18

Divides into left and right

Answer 18

Sagittal or midsagittal (medial)

Question 19

Divides front and back

Answer 19

Coronal (frontal)

Question 20

Divides into top and bottom

Answer 20

Transverse (horizontal)

Question 21

The proximal/distal or only used on what

Answer 21

Appendages (arms,legs)

Question 22

You can’t say something is distal without giving

Answer 22

A point of reference

Question 23

What muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 23

Diaphragm

Question 24

The space between lungs is

Answer 24

Mediastinum

Question 25

A subdivision of the thoracic cavity is

Answer 25

Mediastinum

Question 26

Most organs have how many membranes around them?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Organ systems are

Answer 27

Groups of organs working together in a common/general function

Question 28

What are the 4 tissues?

Answer 28

1) Epithelial tissue 2) Connective tissue 3) Muscle tissue 4) Nervous tissue

Question 29

Epithelial tissue

Answer 29

Covers surfaces; lines insides of organs and body cavities

Question 30

Connective tissue

Answer 30

Protects, binds together, and supports organs

Question 31

Muscle tissue

Answer 31

Facilitates movement of skeleton or organ walls

Question 32

Nervous tissue

Answer 32

Neurons:control activities, process information | Glial cells:Support and protect neurons

Question 33

Abdominopelvic quadrants are

Answer 33

The four areas of the abdominopelvic cavity formed by passing one vertical and one horizontal plane through the umbilicus (navel)

Question 34

Abdominopelvic regions are

Answer 34

The nine areas in the abdominopelvic cavity formed by two transverse planes and two sagittal planes

Question 35

Auscultation is

Answer 35

A diagnostic method that involves listening to the sounds produced by various body structures

Question 36

Homeostasis is

Answer 36

State of equilibrium, or constant internal environment in the body

Question 37

Palpation is

Answer 37

Using the hands to detect organs, masses, or infiltration of a body part during a physical examination

Question 38

Percussion is

Answer 38

When you tap on the body and look for residence of an organ, you can tell about internal injuries

Question 39

Reflex response is

Answer 39

When you tap on certain parts of the body looking for certain responses. Used to test for nerve or muscle damage

Question 40

The taxonomy of humans

Answer 40

1) Kingdom-Animalia 2) Phylum-Chordata 3) Class-Mammalia 4) Order- Primates 5) Family-Hominidae 6) Genus-Homo 7) Species-sapiens

Question 41

The characteristics of mammals are

Answer 41

Hair at some point in the life cycle and mammary glands

Question 42

Levels of organization from smallest to largest

Answer 42

1) Cellular 2) Tissue 3) Organ 4) Organ system 5) Organism

Question 43

What are the types of body cavities

Answer 43

1) Posterior (dorsal) cavity-lined with meninges * Cranial cavity-encloses the brain * Vertebral cavity-encloses the spinal cord 2) Anterior (ventral) cavity * Thoracic cavity-above the diaphragm * Pleural cavity (lungs)-lined with parietal pleura and visceral pleura * Pericardial cavity (surrounds the heart)-parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium * Mediastinum-space the heart occupies 3) Abdominopelvic cavity-below the diaphragm-lined with peritoneum-parietal and visceral * Abdominal cavity (digest organs) * Pelvic cavity (urinary and reproductive organs)

Question 44

Chordates have

Answer 44

1) Hollow, dorsal nerve cord 2) Notochord 3) Pharyngeal pouches 4) Post-anal tail

Question 45

Cervical

Answer 45

Neck region

Question 46

Thorax

Answer 46

Between neck and abs

Question 47

Mammory

Answer 47

Breast region

Question 48

Sternal

Answer 48

Sternum region

Question 49

Vertebral

Answer 49

Spinal column region

Question 50

Abdominal

Answer 50

Abdomen

Question 51

Pubic

Answer 51

Pubic region

Question 52

Lumbar

Answer 52

lower back

Question 53

Sacral

Answer 53

Above butt crack

Question 54

Gluteal

Answer 54

Butt region

Question 55

Brachium

Answer 55

Upper arms

Question 56

Cubital

Answer 56

Elbow region

Question 57

Antebrachium

Answer 57

Lower arm region

Question 58

Manus

Answer 58

Hand

Question 59

Thigh

Answer 59

Thigh

Question 60

Patellar

Answer 60

Kneecap

Question 61

popliteal fossa

Answer 61

Back of knee

Question 62

Leg

Answer 62

Lower leg

Question 63

Axillary

Answer 63

Arm pit region

Question 64

Both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with what

Answer 64

Serous membranes, which are composed of two layers

Question 65

What lines the internal surface of the body wall

Answer 65

A parietal layer

Question 66

What covers the external surface of organs within the cavity

Answer 66

A visceral layer

Question 67

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin

Answer 67

Serous cavity that is actually a potential space

Question 68

The pericardium membrane is

Answer 68

Two layered serous membrane that encloses the heart

Question 69

The pleura membrane is

Answer 69

Two layered serous membrane that lines the lungs

Question 70

The peritoneum membrane is

Answer 70

A moist two-layered serous membrane, lines the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 71

The mesentary membrane is

Answer 71

Double layer of peritoneum, that invests the intestines, attaching them to the posterior wall of the abdomen

Question 72

The greater omentum is

Answer 72

Large fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

Question 73

The lesser omentum is

Answer 73

A double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum

Question 74

Function of mesentary is

Answer 74

To hold intestines in place