Lab Practical 1

Question 1

What prokaryotes live in strange and hostile habitats?

Answer 1

Archaea

Question 2

What prokaryotes have peptidoglycan cell walls?

Answer 2

Eubacteria

Question 3

What is the defining feature of prokaryotes as a group?

Answer 3

No membrane bound nucleus

Question 4

What eubacteria is spherical?

Answer 4

Coccus/cocci

Question 5

What eubacteria is rod-shaped?

Answer 5

Bacillus/bacilli

Question 6

What eubacteria is helical?

Answer 6

Spirilla

Question 7

What kind bacteria feed on other things?

Answer 7

Heterotrophic

Question 8

What kind of bacteria are self feeders?

Answer 8

Autotrophic

Question 9

Requires oxygen

Answer 9

Aerobic

Question 10

Does not require oxygen

Answer 10

Anaerobic

Question 11

What major group of bacteria is photosynthetic?

Answer 11

Cyanobacteria

Question 12

Non-photosynthetic autotrophs are called what?

Answer 12

Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Question 13

What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotes?

Answer 13

Membrane bound nucleus

Question 14

What eukaryotes cannot be identified as fungi, plants, or animals?

Answer 14

Protists

Question 15

What eukaryotes contain cavities called alveoli just beneath their plasma membranes?

Answer 15

Alveolata

Question 16

What alveolata is an apicomplexan found in blood?

Answer 16

Plasmodium

Question 17

What is an apical complex?

Answer 17

A cytoskeleton apparatus

Question 18

What alveolata is a ciliate (moves by cilia)?

Answer 18

Paramecium

Question 19

What alveolata is a dinoflagellate?

Answer 19

Peridinium

Question 20

What is a dinoflagellate?

Answer 20

A unicellular photosynthetic autotroph

Question 21

What eukaryotes have fine hairs on their flagella?

Answer 21

Stramenopiles

Question 22

What multicellular stramenopile has rounded, bulb-like ends?

Answer 22

Fucus

Question 23

What multicellular stramenopile appears thin and whispy?

Answer 23

Sargassum

Question 24

What unicellular stramenopile has a silica shell?

Answer 24

Diatoms

Question 25

What group of protists have slender pseudopodia?

Answer 25

Rhizaria

Question 26

What rhizaria has a silica shell with perforated holes?

Answer 26

Radiolaria

Question 27

What group of eukaryotes have modified mitochondria?

Answer 27

Excavata

Question 28

What type of excavata use flagella to move?

Answer 28

Euglenozoa

Question 29

What euglenoza excavata contains kinetoplast?

Answer 29

Trypanosoma

Question 30

What type of excavata has two nuclei?

Answer 30

Diplomonads

Question 31

What type of diplomonad excavata is a water-borne parasite?

Answer 31

Giardia

Question 32

What group of eukaryotes have blunt pseudopodia?

Answer 32

Ameobozoans

Question 33

What type of ameobozoans move by way of pseudopodia?

Answer 33

Amoeba

Question 34

What is movement by pseudopodia?

Answer 34

Flexible extensions that reach out, attach, and then pull the amoeba along

Question 35

What type of amoeba was observed in the lab?

Answer 35

Amoeba proteus

Question 36

What eukaryotes have chitin cell walls?

Answer 36

Fungi

Question 37

What distinguishes fungi groups from each other?

Answer 37

The type of sexual reproduction

Question 38

What group of fungi reproduce sexually by the hyphae?

Answer 38

Zygomycota

Question 39

What type of zygomycota was observed in the lab?

Answer 39

Rhizopus

Question 40

What type of fungi reproduce by structures called asci?

Answer 40

Ascomycota

Question 41

What type of ascomycota that is used for baking and brewing was observed in the lab?

Answer 41

Saccharomyces

Question 42

What type of fungi reproduces sexually via basidia?

Answer 42

Basidiomycota

Question 43

What type of basidiomycota was observed in the lab?

Answer 43

Club mushroom

Question 44

What are proteins?

Answer 44

Polymers of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds

Question 45

Each protein has at least...

Answer 45

One carboxyl group and one amino group

Question 46

Carboxyl groups typically have what kind of charge?

Answer 46

Negative

Question 47

Amino groups typically have what kind of charge?

Answer 47

Positive

Question 48

The ____ groups can also determine the charge of amino acids.

Answer 48

R

Question 49

What category of R groups matters for electrophoresis?

Answer 49

Ionic

Question 50

What 5 amino acids have ionic R groups?

Answer 50

Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, and histidine

Question 51

The carboxyl group has what charge at low environmental pH?

Answer 51

Net zero

Question 52

The carboxyl group has what charge at high environmental pH?

Answer 52

Negative

Question 53

What amino acids have a carboxyl group that can be negatively charged when the environment is at a high pH?

Answer 53

Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

Question 54

What amino acids have one or amino or imino groups that may carry a positive charge?

Answer 54

Lysine, arginine, and histidine

Question 55

What happens to an electrically neutral amino group at an low environmental pH?

Answer 55

Net charge of plus one

Question 56

When hydroxyl ions from a high environmental pH react with a positively charged amino group, what is the charge on the amino group?

Answer 56

Net zero charge

Question 57

What is the pH point that a particular protein will have no net charge?

Answer 57

Isoelectric point

Question 58

What is the independent variable of the electrophoresis lab?

Answer 58

pH

Question 59

What is the dependent variable of the electrophoresis lab?

Answer 59

The net electrical charge on each protein

Question 60

What is the cloudy mixture in the permeability lab called?

Answer 60

Turbid

Question 61

What happens when the cells are over saturated and burst?

Answer 61

The cells lyse

Question 62

What is the value used to determine the time required to reach one-half the maximum value indicated on the plot?

Answer 62

H50 (hemolysis 50)

Question 63

H50 measures what?

Answer 63

Time to lysis

Question 64

What were the three independent variables of the permeability lab?

Answer 64

Size of the solute molecule, the net charge of the solute particle, and the lipid solubility of the solute molecule

Question 65

What was the dependent variable in the permeability lab?

Answer 65

Cell membrane permeability

Question 66

What kind of molecules are not well controlled by the cell membrane?

Answer 66

Lipid soluble molecules

Question 67

What is the ratio used to determine how lipid soluble a molecule will be?

Answer 67

CH(n)/OH

Question 68

What kind of molecules can not easily pass through membranes?

Answer 68

Water soluble molecule

Question 69

What is synapomorphy?

Answer 69

The new, defining characteristic/feature that a group shares