Lab Review

Question 1

Actual size equation

Answer 1

F.O.V / # cells that fit across

Question 2

Drawing magnification equation

Answer 2

Drawing size / Actual size

Question 3

4x total magnification and FOV size

Answer 3

Mag: 40

FOV: 5000 micrometers, 5 mm

Question 4

10x Total mag and FOV size

Answer 4

Mag: 100

FOV: 2000 micrometer, 2mm

Question 5

40x Total mag and FOV

Answer 5

Mag: 400

FOV: 500 micrometers, 0.5 mm

Question 6

When looking at the cell of your inner cheek (What is the name?) And you need a drop of what?

Answer 6

Buccal cell

Methylene blue

Question 7

When causing plasmolysis (What is this?) You need a drop of

Answer 7

When a plant cell pulls away from it’s walls

Hypertonic solution (ex. salt solution)

Question 8

Fixation is when…

Answer 8

Cells are killed so they stay in whatever stage they’re at

Question 9

Steps for Onion root tip squash

Answer 9

-1. Cover root tip with HCL (hydrochloric acid) for 10 min
0. Put root tip on slide
1. Cut 2 mm from root tip (white tip)
2. Cover with aceto-orcein stain
3. Tap/squish with glass rod
4. Put on cover slip

Question 10

Testing your cells for DNA

Answer 10

1. Swish 10ml of water in mouth for 1 minute
2. Add 10ml of extraction buffer to cup
3. And 3 mL of mouth water to tube
4. Gently mix
5. Add 5mL of ice-cold ethanol into 50 mL beaker
6. Hold test tube at 45°, slowly add 5mL of ethanol
7. Sit for 5 minutes

Question 11

Test strawberry cells for DNA

Answer 11

1. Swirl strawberry contents (strawberry plus extraction buffer)
2. Filter 10mL with cheesecloth
   2.5. 3mL into test tube
3. Slowly add 5mL of cold ethanol
4. Sit for 5 min

Question 12

DNA extraction basics

Answer 12

1. What your testing + extraction buffer
2. Move to test tube
3. At angle, slowly add cold ethanol into tube
4. Sit undisturbed for 5 min

Question 13

Male vs female drosophila

Answer 13

Males have genital arch and sex combs, females don’t.

Question 14

What does pepsin do?

Answer 14

Breaks down protien
(Need 37° bath)

Question 15

How to get pepsin?

Answer 15

Hydrolitic acid (HCl) + pepsinogen

Question 16

What does Biuret do? What color does it turn?

Answer 16

Test for protien (Dark Purple)

Or peptides (Lavender/Pink)

Question 17

How to test for protien or peptides

Answer 17

1. 20 drops of protien + 4ml of pepsin
2. Shake
3. 37° bath for 25 min
4. 10 drops of Biuret
   Dark Purple if protien
   Lavender/pink if peptides

Question 18

What does Lugol’s Iodine do?

Answer 18

Turns blue/black is starch, stays yellow if no starch

Question 19

What does Benedict’s Reagent do?

Answer 19

Changes to green/orange if there is sugar (needs 5min 80° water bath)

Question 20

Amylase does what?

Answer 20

Digests starch into sugars
(Needs to sit for 10 min)

Question 21

Alcohol fermentation in yeast

Answer 21

1. Yeast + water, stir
2. Add what testing (Glucose is +) to cuvette
3. Add yeast solution to brim
4. Add cap, invert a bit, add to 37° water bath
5. Invert again, place upside-down to beaker
6. Record how much gas every 5 minutes

Question 22

How to test for ethanol

Answer 22

I²Kl + NAOH + What you’re testing
Yellow and cloudy if positive

Question 23

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 23

Dairy + 1% phenolphthlein
Add drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until light pink color stays
Mark how much NaOH you used

Question 24

Pigment test

Answer 24

Leaf, pinch of sand, extracting solvent
Make spot on paper
Do rest
(Tube with a little of developing solvent)

Question 25

Lactic acid equation

Answer 25

(mL NaOH used) x (0.9) / Weight of dairy

Question 26

Order of pigments

Answer 26

Carotene (orange)
Pheophytin (grey, maybe)
Xanthophyll (yellow)
Chlorophyll a (blue-green)
Chlorophyll b (green)
Anthocyanin (purple, red, blue)