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Sys. Screen III > Lab Tests & Values > Flashcards

Lab Tests & Values Flashcards

1
Q

Reference Range or Expected Value

A

range of values for a given test in a healthy person

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2
Q

APACHE

A

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation;
system for prognosis development for critically ill patients
based on admission diagnosis, age, health history, physiologic measurement taken during first 24 hrs.;
calculates a predictive death rate or predicted length of stay in the ICU

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3
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

A

group of 8 specific tests for electrolyte level, acid-base balance, blood sugar, & kidney status

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4
Q

BMP tests

A

serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine, glucose, & carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Reference value - Sodium

A 
Infant = 134-150 mEq/L
Child = 135-145 mEq/L
Adult = 135-145 mEq/L
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6
Q

Critical value - Sodium

A

Adult = < 110

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7
Q

Reference value - Potassium

A 
Infant = 3.6-5.8 mEq/L
Child = 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Adult = 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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8
Q

Critical value - Potassium

A

Newborn = <2.5 or >8.1 mEq/L
Adult = <2.5 or >6.6 mEq/L
For the PT: <3.2 or >5.1-5.3

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9
Q

Reference value - Chloride

A 
Infant = 95-110 mEq/L
Child = 98-105 mEq/L
Adult = 95-105 mEq/L
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10
Q

Critical value - Chloride

A

Adult = <80 or >115 mEq/L

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11
Q

Reference value - Calcium

A 
Infant = 10-12 mg/dL
Child = 9-11.5 mg/dL
Adult = 9-11 mg/dL
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12
Q

Critical value - Calcium

A

Adult:
Tetany = <7 mg/dL
Coma = >12 mg/dL

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13
Q

Reference value - BUN

A 
Newborn = 3-12 mg/dL
Infant = 5-18 mg/dL
Child = 5-18 mg/dL
Adult = 10-20 mg/dL
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14
Q

Reference value - Creatinine

A 
Newborn = 0.3-1.2 mg/dL
Infant = 0.2-0.4 mg/dL
Child = 0.3-0.7 mg/dL
Adolescent = 0.5-1.0 mg/dL
Adult, female = 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
Adult, male = 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
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15
Q

Reference value - Magnesium

A 
Infant = 1.4-2.9 mEq/L
Child = 1.6-2.6 mEq/L
Adult = 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
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16
Q

Critical value - Magnesium

A

<0.5 or >3.0 mEq/L

17
Q

Hyponatremia causes

sodium concentration decrease

A 
excessive infusion/ingestion of water
excessive production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
disease that cause water retention:
- heart failure
- cirrhosis
- nephrotic syndrome
- SIADH
*will see increased BP, cell volume
*neurons especially vulnerable to cell swelling, leading to neurological dysfunction
*may possibly progress to coma or death
18
Q

Hypernatremia causes

sodium concentration increase

A

excessive water is lost by the body
profuse sweating
decreased antidiuretic hormone due to diabetes insipidus
*may lead to dehydration or edema

19
Q

Abnormal values of potassium may lead to:

A

dysfunction of excitable cells - nerves, muscle, heart
arrhythmias or cardiac arrest
muscle weakness
irritability
*provides useful info for renal & adrenal disorders
*provides useful info for water & acid-base balance

20
Q

Signs of hypokalemia

A 
mental status changes
dizziness
weakness
myalgia
muscle twitches
N&amp;V
clammy skin
potential respiratory failure due to inspiratory muscle weakness
cardiac arrhythmia
21
Q

Signs of hyperkalemia

A 
numbness
tingling
faccid paralysis
N&amp;V
diarrhea
anorexia
22
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium replacement
consumption of foods such as fruits
drugs - angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

23
Q

Chloride changes often coupled with:

A

changes in sodium & water AND
result of hyperventilation or hypoventilation AND
alterations in cellular pH due to:
- CO2 diffuses into cells (RBCs) and generates carbonic acid that is managed by exchanging bicarbonate ions for chloride ions
- as CO2 is added to blood, chloride moves into RBCs and bicarbonate moves out
- process reversed in lungs

24
Q

Calcium serum levels most commonly used to rule in/out:

A

kidney disease
bone disease
changes in ionized calcium as cause of neuromuscular dysfunction

25
Q

Hypercalcemia may present with:

A 
kidney stones
multiple myeloma (and other cancers)
arrhythmias (?)
decreased neuron firing causing:
- muscle weakness
- fatigability
- decreased muscle tone
- hyporeflexia
26
Q

Hypocalcemia may present with:

A

numbness around fingers, mouth, and toes
muscle spasms
secondary to respiratory alkalosis resulting from hyperventilation

27
Q

Is magensium included in the BMP?

A

NO; must be ordered separately

28
Q

Low magnesium results in:

A

arrhythmias
weakness
muscle spasms
numbness
*reduced in diabetes, use of diuretics, chronic vomiting, diarrhea
*increased by renal failure, hyper-parathyroidism or hypothyroidism

29
Q

BUN & creatinine used to evaluate:

A

kidney function in individuals with kidney failure
differential diagnosis if kidney disease is suspected
monitor treatment of kidney disease
monitor kidney function while using certain drugs

30
Q

Creatinine

A

normal waste produce related to creatine phosphate;
mechanism of regenerating
Normal = amount of creatinine in blood is regulated/cleared out by the kidneys, should be constant;
so a rise usually represents a decline in kidney’s capacity to excrete wastes (directly correlated)

31
Q

Causes for creatinine elevation in the blood:

A

glomerulonephritis
pyelonephritis
acute tubular necrosis
obstruction via prostate disease or kidney stones
decreased renal blood flow
excessive release of creatine caused by muscle injury

32
Q

BUN reflects:

A

the balance of nitrogen added to the blood and excreted by the kidneys

33
Q

BUN increased by:

A
  • GI bleeding b/c breakdown of protein within the blood
  • decreased renal function caused by decreased renal blood flow (not decreased glomerular filtration)
  • increased protein catabolism (breakdown)
  • dietary intake of protein
  • decreased by severe primary liver disease
34
Q

Reference value - Blood Glucose

A

AKA Fasting Plasma Glucose

Neonates = 40-80 mg/dL
Children = 60-100 mg/dL
Adults = 70-100 mg/dL
Adults >60 y/o = 80-110 mg/dL

Sys. Screen III (2 decks)

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