Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IPDM > Lab values > Flashcards

Lab values Flashcards

1
Q

Potassium

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bicarbonate

A

23 - 28 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chloride

A

96 - 106 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sodium

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SCr (serum creatinine)

A

0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL

A rise in SCr almost always indicates worsening renal function

Cr is produced in the liver and a product of creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle

Affected by: age, muscle mass, sex, race, diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BUN

A

10 - 20 mg/dL

The end product of protein metabolism (produced by the liver and excreted by the kidneys)

Elevated BUN causes:

  • high protein diet
  • GI bleeding (blood in gut converts to ammonia and urea nitrogen)
  • Reduced renal blood flow (dehydration, blood loss)

Decreased BUN causes:

  • malnutrition
  • Severe liver damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glucose

A

70-110 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TSH

A

0.5-5 mU/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Troponin

A

0 - 0.5 ng/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Billirubin

A

0.3 - 1 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prealbumin

A

16 - 40 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Albumin

A

3.5 - 5 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

White Blood Cells

A

5000 - 10,000/mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ANC range & formula

A

1,500 - 8,000 cells/mm3
ANC = WBC x (Segs + Bands)
Predicts the body’s defense against infection

Neutropenia < 1,500 cells/mm3

Agranulocytosis < 500 cells/mm3
(AKA Absolute Neutropenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Platelets

A

150,000 - 450,000/uL (microliter, sub u for Greek symbol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a “left shift”?

A

It is an increase in neutrophils and bands, and it indicates a response to inflammatory cytokines and production of large number of new bands to try to fight off infection.

17
Q

What is “right shift”?

A

Increase in mature neutrophils, and signals an immunocompromised patient

18
Q

MCV and purpose

A

Assess the size and content of RBC

75 - 100 fL

<75 Microcytic anemia (iron deficiency anemia)

> 100 fL Macrocytic anemia (B12 or Folic Acid deficiency)

19
Q

MCV and purpose

A

Assess the size and content of RBC

75 - 100 fL

<75 Microcytic anemia (iron deficiency anemia)

> 100 fL Macrocytic anemia (B12 or Folic Acid deficiency)

20
Q

What are drugs discussed in class that can induce thrombocytopenia?

A
  • Aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin)
  • Warfarin (Coumadin)
  • Ibuprofen (Motrin)
  • Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
  • Apixaban (Eliquis)
  • Clopidrogel (Plavix)
  • Enoxaprin (Lovenox)
21
Q

Name causes for thrombocytopenia

A
  • Drug Induced
  • Genetics
  • Certain cancers and/or chemotherapy treatment
22
Q

s/sx of thrombocytopenia

A
  • Ecchymosis
  • Petechiae
  • Melena
  • Mennorhagia
  • Epistaxis
  • Bleeding gums
  • Prolonged bleeding from cuts
23
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Low platelet count <150,000 uL (micro liters)

24
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

aka Thrombocythemia

High Platelet count >800,000 uL

25
Q

What are causes and risks of thrombocytosis?

A

Stress, infection, splenectomy, posthemorrhagic anemia

Increases risk of thrombosis

26
Q

What is ESR?

A

Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate (ESR) aka: Sed rate

Useful for monitoring the acticvity of inflammatory conditions (higher when disease is active and falls when the intensity of disease decreases)

27
Q

BUN vs Cr

A

Similarities: both filtered by glomerulus

Differences: Urea is reabsorbed by tubules whereas creatine is minimally absorbed

28
Q

BUN:Cr

A

Useful in determining dehydration and acute kidney injury.

> 20:1 BUN reabsorption is increased, Dehydration is suspected

10:1 - 20:1 NORMAL range

<10:1 Renal damage causes reduced reabsorption of BUN

29
Q

CrCl

A

Creatinine clearance provides a good approximation of GFR. The normal range is 90 - 140 mL/min

Two methods: Calculating CrCl (24 hr urine collection) or estimating it

Cutoffs:
Used for medications that are renally cleared

30
Q

What is the Cockcroft-Gault Equation and what is its purpose?

A

It is used to estimate CrCl.

BUT FIRST, check IBW

ECrCl = (140-Age) x kg / 72 x SCr

Multiply final answer by 0.85 if female

31
Q

What is the formula for IBW?

A

Female:
45.5 + (2.3 kg x “ over 5)

50 + (2.3 kg x “ over 5)

32
Q

What is the formula for adj BW?

A

0.4 (ABC - IBW) + IBW

33
Q

What are the limitations of the MDRD and CKD-Epi equations?

A

Both equations are not appropriate to be used in AKI

34
Q

What are the limitations of the Cockcroft-Gault Equation?

A
  • A stable kidney function is required
  • Developed for adults only
  • Not corrected for factors that affect SCr
35
Q

Which patients are at risk of CKD?

A

DM, HTN, family history

36
Q

What is the difference between AKI and CKD?

A

Increase in SCr by greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours

  • Increase in SCr of 1.5 times or more than the patient’s baseline within the past week
  • Urine volume <0.5 mL/kg/hour for >6 consecutive hours
37
Q

Identify different stages of CKD

A

Units of GFR: mL/min/1.73 m2

Increased risk of developing kidney disease

IPDM (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions