Labor rights quiz end of unit

Question 1

Who were the Molly Maguires?

Answer 1

The Molly Maguires were a secret society whose goal was to protect their members from oppressive mine owners

Question 2

What attitude did the federal government have towards workers in the Gilded Age?

Answer 2

Laissez -faire government policy often manifested in hostility towards strikes and favouring of business

Question 3

When was The National Labour Union Established

Answer 3

(1866)
The first organised labour federation, signifies the beginning of labour groups and the beginning of labour rights movement

Question 4

When was the The Knights of Labour (founded

Answer 4

1869
one of the largest union groups, very influential for future groups but failed due to a reliance on idealism

Question 5

Name two key industrialists in the Gilded Age (2)

Answer 5

Carnegie, Vanderbilt

Question 6

Describe craft unions in the Gilded Age and the impact that they had on unions (3)

Answer 6

Unions that focused on specific skills workers had. Allowed for more selective and specific focus for the unions, collective bargaining for specific kinds of workers, more effective than larger scale unions as they were more localised.

Question 7

Name two industry where there many serious accidents in the Gilded Age

Answer 7

Railroads: Great Railroad Strike 1877, Pullman Strike 1894
Steel workers: Homestead strike 1892

Question 8

What was The Great Railroad Strike

Answer 8

1877
a nationwide series of labor uprisings that began in July of that year, primarily impacting the railroad industry but also affecting other sectors. Demonstrated progress as it was a worker strike but ultimately would not have helped much due to the violence that gave labour protests a negative image

Question 9

What was the Haymarket Affair

Answer 9

1886 incident that made unions, particularly the Knights of Labor, look violent because a bomb exploded during a protest of striking workers.

Question 10

Where did the strike take place that led to the Haymarket affair?

Answer 10

Chicago haymarket square

Question 11

When was theAmerican Federation of Labour Founded

Answer 11

1886
much more important for progress, appealed to more people and was less idealist in its pursuits than the KOL so was able to make more progress

Question 12

Who was in charge of handling strike negotiations at the Homestead Steelworks?

Answer 12

Andrew Carnegie placed his industrialist, Henry Clay Frick

Question 13

Describe the Pullman Strike, 1894 (2)

Answer 13

Railroad workers struck as a result of wage cuts, led to a national rail strike that had to be put down by the federal government (Cleveland sending Federal guard)

Question 14

What was Lochner v. New York

Answer 14

1905 Supreme court case was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court holding that a New York State statute that prescribed maximum working hours for bakers violated the bakers’ right to freedom of contract under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 15

What was the WTUL?

Answer 15

Women’s trade union league, established 1903 supported women’s efforts to unionise and organise unions

Question 16

What were yellow dog contracts?

Answer 16

Contracts that stated a worker would not join a union

Question 17

When was the Establishment of the Department of Labour

Answer 17

1913
demonstrated how union efforts were now being more recognised and signalled a move to more active federal work to improve labour rights

Question 18

What was the Clayton Antitrust Act

Answer 18

1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.

Question 19

What was Welfare Capitalism and which famous employer used it to his advantage in the 1920s? (2)

Answer 19

Henry Ford-employers would help workers with better pay and conditions on the condition that they would not strike

Question 20

Which two organisations were affected by increased union movement in the 1930s?

Answer 20

the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Question 21

What was the National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer 21

1933
*Goal of NIRA was to help businesses self-regulate and to aid in employment
*NIRA created the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which oversaw the creation of fair competition codes
*NRA codes abolished child labor, creating minimum wages, and capped hours for workers
*In Schechter v. United States (1935), the Supreme Court overturned NIRA, holding that it granted the president too much leeway and that these powers should be in the hands of the states

Question 22

What was the Wagner Act (National labour Relations Act)

Answer 22

The 1935 Wagner Act, officially the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to protect workers’ rights and encourage collective bargaining in the private sector. It granted employees the right to form unions and join unions, and it obligated employers to bargain collectively with those unions.

Question 23

What did the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act do?

Answer 23

Created a minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping requirements while also placing restrictions on child labour

Question 24

What was the Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 24

1947
put increased restrictions on labor unions. It also prohibited secondary boycotts and established that the President has power to issue injections in strikes that endangered national health & safety (“cooling off” period)

Question 25

What is a wild cat strike?

Answer 25

an unofficial strike, meaning workers walk out without the formal support or approval of their trade union

Question 26

What work did the National War Labor Board do in the First and Second World Wars? (2)

Answer 26

recognised the unions as representing workers and guaranteed their rights to join a union in return for a no-strike policy and cooperation. During the Second World War, workers benefited from the work of the NWLB, which largely took control of industry away from employers

Question 27

How did the wars have a positive impact on African American and female workers? (2)

Answer 27

They were able to gain additional roles helping the war effort which furthered their position demonstrating how they could contribute -gave new opportunities

Question 28

When was the CIO established and how did it differ from the AFL? (2)

Answer 28

CIO established 1935, the AFL focused on organizing skilled craft workers, while the CIO focused on organizing workers in industrial settings, including unskilled workers

Question 29

What was the AFL-CIO Merger

Answer 29

1955 important in making the large union more organised, giving it more reach and national recognition allowing it to become more impactful and widespread

Question 30

What was the United Farm Workers' Strikes

Answer 30

1965-1970s a series of organized labor actions, primarily strikes and boycotts, led by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, aimed at improving working conditions and wages for farmworkers, particularly in California.

Question 31

How did California respond to the campaigns of Chavez and the UFW?

Answer 31

The passage of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act of 1975, which established the Agricultural Labor Relations Board (ALRB). This law recognized farm workers' rights to organize and bargain collectively.

Question 32

What legislation in the 1960s benefited workers?

Answer 32

1964 Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the 1963 Equal Pay Act prohibited wage discrimination based on sex.

Question 33

What impact did Nixon’s affirmative action have on women and African American workers? (2)

Answer 33

Affirmative action gave more roles and help to AAs and women to find jobs

Question 34

How did the BPP’s 10 Point Programme inspire workers?

Answer 34

It focused on workers rights and had socialist ideas-inspired workers to be more collective and organised and to stand up to oppression

Question 35

What was the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Answer 35

1970 Created to protect worker and health. aim was to ensure that employers provide their workers with an environment free from dangers to their safety and health, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions.

Question 36

Roughly, what was the membership of trade unions in…. (i) 1900 (ii) 1950s (iii) 1980 ?

Answer 36

1900:7% 1950s: 35% of workers 1980:22%

Question 37

Asian immigration to the states increased in the 1970s and 80s. List two countries where Asian immigrants came from. (2)

Answer 37

Vietnam and China

Question 38

What was PATCO Strike and Reagan's Response

Answer 38

1981 nearly 13,000 air traffic controllers walked off the job in a strike demanding better pay, shorter workweeks, and improved benefits. President Ronald Reagan responded by firing the strikers, decertifying their union, and prosecuting their leaders

Question 39

Which decades were periods of growth and which decades were periods of decline? (4)

Answer 39

1850s-1860s were a period of significant growth, the post war, 1950s, while the 1920s and 1930s and 1970s saw economic decline?

Question 40

What is the public sector and how has it affected unions? (2)

Answer 40

Public sector jobs were working for and with the federal government but they were unable to strike legally-PATCO 1981 an example