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Labs/Findings Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Honeycomb lung on XR or CT

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2
Q

FAP (AD, mutation of APC)

A

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy

Need colectomy

100% chance progression to colon cancer

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3
Q

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

A

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

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4
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurological symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)

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5
Q

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

A

Thrombi with red and white layers

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6
Q

Howell Jolly bodies (dt splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

A

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

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7
Q

Anti IgG antibodies

A

RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière and swan neck deformity)

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8
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on X-RAY

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9
Q

Codman’s triangle (raised periosteum)

A

Aggressive bone lesion (ie osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, osteomyelitis)

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10
Q

Warfarin monitoring lab

A

Prothrombin time

Warfarin inhibits activation of 2,7, 9, 10

Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase

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11
Q

Trousseau sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

A

Migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

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12
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

RBC casts in urine

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13
Q

Low ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration; Kayser Fleischer rings dt copper accumulation)

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14
Q

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

A

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

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15
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

A

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

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16
Q

High D dimer

A

DVT
PE
DIC

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17
Q

Fibrocystic change of breast

A

Mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

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18
Q

Elevated hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma
Hydatidiform mole (with abs without embryo)
Multiple pregnancies

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19
Q

Negri bodies of rabies

A

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

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20
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis

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21
Q

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 subtype)

A

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

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22
Q

Koilocytes (HPV predisposes to cervical cancer)

A

Dysplasia squamous cervical cells with raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

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23
Q

3 causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

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24
Q

Lewy body (Parkinson disease and Lewy body dementia)

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

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25
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis (MPO-ANCA/p ANCA) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wheeler; PR3 ANCA/c ANCA) Primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO- ANCA/p ANCA)
26
Rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis
Cellular crescents in Bowmans capsule
27
Tetralogy of Fallot (dt RVH)
Boot shaped heart in CXR
28
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
29
Chronic end stage renal disease
Waxy casts with low urine flow
30
Glioblastoma multiforme
Pseudopalisading tumor cells in brain bx
31
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
32
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR gene—> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs)
33
Cardiac tamponade
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
34
Owl eye appearance of CMV
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
35
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas Papillary thyroid carcinoma Mesothelioma Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium/ovary
36
Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
Large granules in phagocytes | Immunodeficiency
37
Nutmeg liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver dt RHF or Budd Chiari syndrome
38
Epiglottitis (H influenzae)
Thumb sign on lateral X-ray
39
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
Steeple sign on CXR
40
Thyroid like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis (usually dt recurrent infections)
41
Celtic disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
Anti ttg/anti gliadin/anti endomysial antibodies
42
Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy | Dilated cardiomyopathy
43
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
44
Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)
Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain
45
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (dt deposition of IgG, IgM, C3)
Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
46
SLE (type III HSR)
+ANA +anti Smith +anti dsDNA
47
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
48
Cowdry type A bodies (VZV or HSV)
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies
49
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Heterophile antibodies
50
Schiller Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
51
Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
Delta wave on EKG Short PR interval Supraventricular tachycardia
52
Bamboo spine on XR
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLAB27)
53
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhages gives brown color)
54
Acute pyelonephritis
WBC casts in urine
55
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
Stacks of RBCs
56
Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
Spikes on basement membrane, dome like subepithelial deposits
57
Ring enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii | CNS lymphoma
58
Diffuse scleroderma
+ anti topoisomerase abs
59
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
Hilar lymphadenopathy | Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lines (can calcify)
60
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
Onion skin periosteum reaction
61
High uric acid levels
Gout Lesch Nyhan syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome Loop and thiazides diuretics
62
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
Bacteria covered vaginas epithelial cells
63
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
64
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
Podocyte fusion or effacement on EM
65
Actinomyces israelii
Branching Gram + rods with sulfur granules
66
CLL (almost always B cell)
Smudged WBCs
67
Reed Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owls eye)
68
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3 ANCA/c ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti basement membrane abs)
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
69
Gout (mono sodium irate crystals)
Needle shaped | - birefringent crystals
70
Intrinsic renal failure (ie ischemia, toxic injury)
Renal epithelial casts in urine
71
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
“Soap bubble” in femur/tibia on XR
72
Xanthochromia (dt subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
73
Coarctation of aorta
Rib notching (inferior surface on CXR)
74
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Rectangular crystal like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
75
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
Rhomboid crystals | + birefringent
76
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus
77
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, personality changes)
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
78
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: high chance of lung cancer)
Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
79
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
80
Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome
LOW AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
81
EBV
Atypical lymphocytes
82
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
Eosinophilic globule in liver
83
String sign (Crohn disease)
Narrowing of bowel lumen on XR
84
Call Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of ovary)
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
85
Left sided colon cancer
Apple core lesion on barium XR
86
Bronchial asthma (Charcot Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
87
Anti histone antibodies
Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
88
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with SLE)
Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
89
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
Lead pipe appearance of colon on imaging
90
Fatty liver disease (alcoholics or metabolic syndrome)
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
91
Squamous cell carcinoma
Keratin pearls on biopsy
92
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
93
“Hair on end” (crew cut appearance) on XR
Beta thalassemia | Sickle cell disease (bone marrow expansion)
94
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
Primary biliary cholangitis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
95
Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14 c myc activation, associated with EBV; starry sky made up of malignant cells)
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden (starry sky histology)
96
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins
97
Orphan Annie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of thyroid)
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
98
Monoclonal antibody spike
``` Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA) MGUS Waldenstrom (M protein= IgM) macroglobulinemia Primary amyloidosis ```
99
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on EM
100
What tissues cannot use ketone bodies as energy source?
RBCs and LIVER - no mitochondria
101
Cervical spine in RA patients
Risk of subluxation- especially with intubation

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