Labs/Findings Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
anticentromere antibodies
A
scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
antidesmoglien (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis & hemoptysis)
4
Q
antihistone antibodies
A
drug-induced lupus (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
anti-IgG antibodies
A
rheumatoid arthritis
6
Q
antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
microscopic polyangiitis and Churg Strauss syndrome (pANCA); Wegener’s granulomatosis (cANDA)
8
Q
antiplatelet antibodies
A
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
9
Q
antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
10
Q
anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
celiac disease
12
Q
“apple core” on abdominal xray
A
colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially type M3)
14
Q
bacitracin sensitive
A
Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)
15
Q
bacitracin resistant
A
Strep agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
bamboo spine on xray
A
ankylosing spondylitis
17
Q
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
bloody tap on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
boot-shaped heart on xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
21
Q
branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii (israel has yellow sand granules)
22
Q
bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease
25
cellular crescents in Bownman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis
27
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
cystic fibrosis
29
decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
31
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
32
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals - bronchial asthma - can result in whorled mucous plugs
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
koilocytes (HPV - predisposes to cervical cancer)
35
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl eye" appearance of CMV
36
enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"orphan annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in LIVER cell
Mallory body - alcoholic liver disease
38
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in NERVE cell
Lewy body - Parkinson disease
39
eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
40
eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
41
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter
Senile plaques - Alzheimer disease
42
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions "owl's eye"
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
43
glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"hair on end" crew-cut appearance on xray
beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo and multiple pregnancy)
46
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies - rheumatic fever
47
heterophile antibodies!
Mono! EBV
48
hexagonal, double-pointed needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
high level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
50
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB - Mycobacterium bacilli)
51
"honeycomb lung" on CT/CXR
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
hypercoagulability (leading to migratory DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
53
hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency - neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency - no neuro probs)
54
hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome
55
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
IDA, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hgb sometimes present)
56
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
57
increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
58
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
iron-containing bodies in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis- high change of mesothelioma)
60
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma ("Squamous famous people wear pearls")
61
large, lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
62
"lead pipe" apperance of colon on barium enema xray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture
64
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
66
lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on xray
multiple myeloma
67
mammary gland "blue domed" cyst
fibrocystic change of breast
68
monoclonal antibody spike
multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA), MGUS consequence of aging, Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM), primary amyloidosis
69
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"signet ring" - gastric carcinoma
70
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray
String sign - Crohn disease
71
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener and Goodpasture)
72
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
73
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
74
Novobiocin sensitive
Staph epidermidis
75
novobiocin resistant
Staph saprophyticus
76
nutmeg appearance of liver
CHF --> liver congestion
77
"onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
78
Optochin sensitive
Strep pneumoniae
79
optochin resistant
viridans strep
80
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
81
podocyte fusion or effacement on EM
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
82
polished "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation - osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis
83
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphophorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimers) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
84
Psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
85
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
87
rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (leydig cell tumor)
88
renal epithelial casts in urine
acute toxic/viral renal injury
89
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout - calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (positively pseudo pyrophosphate)
90
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
91
ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
92
sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky"
Burkitt lymphoma (t8;14, c-myc activation, associated with EBV)
93
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies
94
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (ush benign)
95
"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
96
stacks of RBCs
Rouleax formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
97
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" - Gardnerella vaginalis
98
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules - Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma
99
thrombi made of white/red layers
lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
100
"thumb sign" on lateral xray
epiglottitis - H flu
101
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
102
"tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
103
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease - alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
104
"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
chronic end-stage renal disease
105
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
106
WBCs that look "smudged"- smudge cells!
CLL (almost always B cell)
107
"wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
108
yellowish CSF
xanthrochromia - due to subarachnoid hemorrhage
