Language extra Flashcards by Sylvia Bettencourt

According to the optimality theory, phonological error patterns may be _________ to one another such that the existence of one pattern ______________

connected

may imply the existence of another pattern

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Three events that contribute to the final motor act of articulation are biological, cognitive-linguistic, and ___ components.

sensorimotor-acoustic

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What two types of factors should be examined in a phonological analysis of a phonologically disordered client?

Phonetic and Phonemic

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What is a danger sign that stuttering maybe developing?

prolongations

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Which of the following is/are a goal(s) of a brief preliminary interview with an older client?

To inform the client of what to expect in a diagnostic session
- To establish a working relationship
- To determine why the client is coming for treatment at that particular time

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Factors influencing early childhood stuttering include, psycholinguistic, physiological and

osychosocial

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The Stutttering Severity Instrument employs the following three dimensions in assessing severity: ________, duration and physcial concomitants

frequency

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Which factors are relevant in making a prognosis about success and failure in stuttering?

Severity
Timing
Types of stuttering

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Which of the following best fits a patient with irrelevant and confabulatory language

language of consfusion

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Localization evidence of apraxia of speech consists of which of the following?

Damage to the third frontal convolution

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T/F

The the motor programming deficits in childhood apraxia of speech are present from infancy and affect linguistic processing as well as phonological development

true

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characteristic of conduction aphasia and not a characteristic of apraxia

intact prosody

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Which of these predictors help aid in the differential diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech from more typical “defective articulation” disorders

Two-three feature articulation errors
Slower then normal rate on measurements of oral diadochokinesis
Difficulty in fine motor corrdination, gait and alternating motion rates of the tongue and extremities

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T/F

Intonation is an area to assess in childhood apraxia of speech.

true

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a nonspeech task(s) for assessing childhood apraxia of speech?

smile

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The physical systems that most directly influence vocal production are the _________, __________, _______ systems

respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory-articulatory

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The_______________is a favorite piece of equipment used by clinicians and provides data which can be analyzed to determine the level of hoarseness in a person’s voice.

sound spectrogram

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technique for determining optimal pitch

spontaneous laughing

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In normal conversational speech, three feet from the speaker, the average sound intensity is ______

65 dB

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The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation is called ______

vital capactity

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The phonation quotient is

vital capacity divided by the maximum phonation time.

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_________________ are an uncommon part of vocal evaluations, however, should be assessed and is expressed as words per minute or syllables per minute.

Rate measurements

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T/F

Models illustrating linguistic interrelationships predict that increased demands in one component of the language system may cause decreased performance in another component

true

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T/F

All the studies done on trade offs have uniformly found them to exist.

false

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T/F it is hypothesized that whether a developmental area is more or less established is a relevant factor in the existence of trade offs

true

The fact that dysfluencies increased in spontaneous language when the clauses were simpler is probably explained by

discourse task

Language in the American classroom falls on the _______ end of the high- to low- context communication continuum.

lowest

What is one of the most difficult and comprehensive tasks of a Speech Pathologist?

diagnosing

What are the three components that must be considered in determining a communication disorder?

difference, disturbance, disorder

What is a necessary step before categorizing or labeling a client?

describing characteristics of the disorder

What is(are) question(s) which provide clinical focus?

What are the usual etiologies? b) What is the impact of the condition on the person? c) What do I know about my own skills in treatment of this disorder and this type of person?

What is the most important diagnostic tool?

the diagnostician

What client behaviors must the clinician be able to detect in the diagnostic process

a) physical changes Correct! b) psychological changes

What is the most crucial factor in conducting a successful diagnostic session?

client-clinician involvement

According to the text, what are some of the most trying responses young children exhibit in the clinical evaluation?

aggressiveness and hyperactivity shyness and withdrawal

The US Department of Education requires all states to submit data regarding young children's treatment, specifically

functional outcomes

What is the first important task of the clinician in the interview process

set the right tone

Which type of questions should the clinician begin with in an interview

objective

As an interviewer, what is the most important thing to look for during the interview?

a) lack of congruence between the respondent's verbal and nonverbal messages

What is one of the best ways to keep the interview moving smoothly?

summary probe

According to Luterman (1979), what are the three categories of questions that clients ask?

content, opinion, affect

What is the key feature of a clinician demonstrating that they can listen creatively?

ability to scan a client's comments and respond in a way that fosters understanding

Validity can be compromised in

c) both formal tests and informal procedures

T/F A test that is standardized means that it is norm-referenced.

false

The standard error of measurement (SEM) attempts to

determine whether the observed score of a client is reasonably close to his/her possible true score

As a test becomes more specific and controlled, it becomes more

unnatura

Largely non-verbal children can best be described as

Possibly using gestures and using vocalizations

useful areas to consider when evaluating a non-verbal child?

a) Child-caretaker interaction c) Communicative intent inventory d) Vocalization analysis

In regard to the etiology of language disorders, identify the true statement(s) among the following. a) Knowledge of the specific etiological classification of a child's language disorder gives the clinician a great deal of information as to what to expect in regard to that child's language. b) Classification of language disorder by etiology does not relate productively to assessment c) Language samples from children from different etiological categories may be highly similar. d) The various etiological groups are homogeneous.

Classification of language disorder by etiology does not relate productively to assessment Language samples from children from different etiological categories may be highly similar.

What developmental cognitive landmarks are considered relevant to language learning?

deferred imitation; symbolic play object permanence, means-end relationship, functional object use

relevant for discriminating between "late talkers" and children with persisting language disorders?

- family history - lower frequecy of communication acts - lower levels of symboli play

longitudinal studies of children who had language delays as preschoolers have a shown a strong tendency for which of the following as they get older?

the emergence of language problems academic problems

Characteristics of narratives appear in the narratives of children with SLI vs. children developing language typically?

-shorter narratives -fewer conventional story openings fewer complete episodes

A________perspective characterizes language impairment as a deviation from the average level of ability achieved by a similar group of people.

naturalist

A ____________ perspective takes society's values and expectations into account in characterizing language impairment.

Normative

According to a __________ perspective, a language disorder should only be diagnosed when it interferes with the individual's ability to meet society's expectation in regard to social relationships, academic achievement and future employment.

normative

# Choose the most relevant answer for the mismatch model of language disorder. Select one: a. language disorders are chronic b. introduces the different parts of language c. the strengths and weaknesses of the child are relevant factors d. factors outside of the child are relevant e. differential diagnosis is relevant

factors outside of the child are relevant

# Choose the most relevant answer for the DSM 5 model of language disorder. Select one: a. language disorders are chronic b. introduces the different parts of language c. a naturalistic and normative perspective d. factors outside of the child are relevant e. emotional handicap results from language disorders

c. a naturalistic and normative perspective

The causative/diagnostic categories are important because children get services based on cause and not on a description of their problem. Select one: True False

true

``` The relationship between a morpheme and meaning is that Select one: a. it represents meaning b. it has meaning c. they are equivalent units d. all of the above e. none of the above ```

a. it represents meaning

Which of the following features of disorder in a child MAY NOT be located in the morphological part of language? Select one: a. plural morphemes are omitted in obligatory context b. final consonants are omitted on nouns and verb c. regular past tense morphemes are used inconsistently d. all of the above e. none of the above

final consonants are omitted on nouns and verb

``` Selectional constraints refer to which of the following part(s) of speech? Select one: a. adjectives b. adverbs c. prepositions d. nouns e. verbs ```

verbs

``` Which of the following exhibit a problem with verb agreement? Assume the clause is disordered for the speaker of the clause. Select one: a. he wented to the store b. the doggie big c. she going to the store d. she like the red one e. he eated the fruit ```

d. she like the red one

Which basic English clause type does not have a mandatory subject? Select one: a. Declarative (statement) b. Interrogative (force of a question) c. imperative (used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advice) d. exclamatory e. complex

c. imperative (used to issue a command or instruction, make a request, or offer advice)

``` In which of the following categories does rate belong. Select one: a. Prosodic (tune and rhythm of speech) b. paralinguistic c. gestural ```

paralinguistic

The SLP must be able to identify a possible diagnosis or a possible cause of a language impairment in order to be able to refer a child for further assessment by the proper professional. Select one: True False

true

Under IDEA (Education Improvement Act of 2004(PL108-466)) assessment refers to the initial process of establishing eligibility for educational services. Select one: True False

false

``` Developmental scales are Select one: fully standardized tests observational instruments criterion referenced procedures ```

observational instruments

How many major syntactic clause types are there in English

The two major types of cues used to determine intonation units are concerned with ___________ and _________.

pitch pattern and timing.

Every completed intonation unit, or line, must have some indication of _____________ at the end.

intonation contour class

``` Which of the following are procedures for reciprocal teaching (instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions)? Select one: a. Read passage to others b. Clarify material c. Translate passage phonetically d. all of the above e. none of the above ```

b. Clarify material

Adjacency pair :

unit of conversation that contain an exchange of one turn each by two speakers. The turns are functionally related to each other in such a fashion that the first turn requires a certain type or range of types of second turn. Examle:A greeting–greeting pair. A question–answer pair.