Languages Flashcards
1
Q
Afghanistan
A
Dari (Afghan Persian) and Pashto
2
Q
Albania
A
Albanian: Tosk (main, south) Gheg (north) many Albanians speak Italian, Greek, French, German, English
3
Q
Algeria
A
72% Algerian Arabic, 27.4% Berber (Spoken in Algeria, Morocco, Libya) French, though it has no official status, is widely used in government, culture, media, and education (from primary school), due to Algeria’s colonial history.
4
Q
Andorra
A
Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
5
Q
Angola
A
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
6
Q
Antigua and Barbuda
A
English (official), local dialects
7
Q
Argentina
A
Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
8
Q
Armenia
A
Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian
9
Q
Australia
A
English 79%, native and other languages
10
Q
Austria
A
German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region)
11
Q
Azerbaijan
A
Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)
12
Q
Bahamas
A
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
13
Q
Bahrain
A
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
14
Q
Bangladesh
A
Bangla (official), English
15
Q
Barbados
A
English
16
Q
Belarus
A
Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other
17
Q
Belgium
A
Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official)
18
Q
Belize
A
English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
19
Q
Benin
A
French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages
20
Q
Bhutan
A
Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese)
21
Q
Bolivia
A
Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official)
22
Q
Bosnia and Herzegovina
A
Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
23
Q
Botswana
A
English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001)
24
Q
Brazil
A
Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
25
Brunei
Malay (official), English, Chinese
26
Bulgaria
Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4%
27
Burkina Faso
French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90%
28
Burundi
Kirundi and French (official), Swahili
29
Cambodia
Khmer 95% (official), French, English
30
Cameroon
French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups
31
Canada
English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5%
32
Cape Verde
Portuguese, Criuolo
33
Central African Republic
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages
34
Chad
French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects
35
Chile
Spanish
36
China
Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
37
Colombia
Spanish
38
Comoros
Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend)
39
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba
40
Congo, Republic of
French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects
41
Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English
42
Côte d'Ivoire
French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.)
43
Croatia
Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German)
44
Cuba
Spanish
45
Cyprus
Greek, Turkish (both official); English
46
Czech Republic
Czech
47
Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language
48
Djibouti
French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar
49
Dominica
English (official) and French patois
50
Dominican Republic
Spanish
51
East Timor
Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak
52
Ecuador
Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages
53
Egypt
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
54
El Salvador
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
55
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
56
Eritrea
Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages
57
Estonia
Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000)
58
Ethiopia
Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others
59
Fiji
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
60
Finland
Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities
61
France
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)
62
Gabon
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
63
Gambia
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous
64
Georgia
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia)
65
Germany
German
66
Ghana
English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
67
Greece
Greek 99% (official), English, French
68
Grenada
English (official), French patois
69
Guatemala
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
70
Guinea
French (official), native tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani)
71
Guinea-Bissau
Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages
72
Guyana
English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
73
Haiti
Creole and French (both official)
74
Honduras
Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business
75
Hungary
Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6%
76
Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
77
India
Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects
78
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects
79
Iran
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
80
Iraq
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian
81
Ireland
English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official)
82
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic, English
83
Italy
Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities
84
Jamaica
English, Jamaican Creole
85
Japan
Japanese
86
Jordan
Arabic (official), English
87
Kazakhstan
Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.)
88
Kenya
English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages
89
Kiribati
English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese)
90
Korea, North
Korean
91
Korea, South
Korean, English widely taught
92
Kosovo
Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Bosnian, Turkish, Roma
93
Kuwait
Arabic (official), English
94
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz, Russian (both official)
95
Laos
Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages
96
Latvia
Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000)
97
Lebanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
98
Lesotho
English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa
99
Liberia
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages
100
Libya
Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities
101
Liechtenstein
German (official), Alemannic dialect
102
Lithuania
Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001)
103
Luxembourg
Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative)
104
Macedonia
Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002)
105
Madagascar
Malagasy and French (both official)
106
Malawi
Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998)
107
Malaysia
Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia
108
Maldives
Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials
109
Mali
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
110
Malta
Maltese and English (both official)
111
Marshall Islands
Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese
112
Mauritania
Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof
113
Mauritius
English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000)
114
Mexico
Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages
115
Micronesia
English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
116
Moldova
Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
117
Monaco
French (official), English, Italian, Monégasque
118
Mongolia
Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999)
119
Montenegro
Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect—official)
120
Morocco
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy
121
Mozambique
Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997)
122
Myanmar
Burmese, minority languages
123
Namibia
English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
124
Nauru
Nauruan (official), English
125
Nepal
Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001)
126
Netherlands
Dutch, Frisian (both official)
127
New Zealand
English, Maori (both official)
128
Nicaragua
Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995)
129
Niger
French (official), Hausa, Djerma
130
Nigeria
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others
131
Norway
Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities)
132
Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
133
Pakistan
Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8%
134
Palau
Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000)
135
Palestinian State (proposed)
Arabic, Hebrew, English
136
Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual
137
Papua New Guinea
Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%–2%; 715 indigenous languages
138
Paraguay
Spanish, Guaraní (both official)
139
Peru
Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages
140
Philippines
Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
141
Poland
Polish 98% (2002)
142
Portugal
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)
143
Qatar
Arabic (official); English a common second language
144
Romania
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
145
Russia
Russian, others
146
Rwanda
Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers
147
St. Kitts and Nevis
English
148
St. Lucia
English (official), French patois
149
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
English, French patois
150
Samoa
Samoan, English
151
San Marino
Italian
152
São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese (official)
153
Saudi Arabia
Arabic
154
Senegal
French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
155
Serbia
Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
156
Seychelles
Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002)
157
Sierra Leone
English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca)
158
Singapore
Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000)
159
Slovakia
Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001)
160
Slovenia
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002)
161
Solomon Islands
English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages
162
Somalia
Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian
163
South Africa
IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2%
164
South Sudan
English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk
165
Spain
Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally)
166
Sri Lanka
Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10%
167
Sudan
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
168
Suriname
Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese
169
Swaziland
English, siSwati (both official)
170
Sweden
Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
171
Switzerland
German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national)
172
Syria
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
173
Taiwan
Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
174
Tajikistan
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
175
Tanzania
Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages
176
Thailand
Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
177
Togo
French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects
178
Tonga
Tongan (an Austronesian language), English
179
Trinidad and Tobago
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
180
Tunisia
Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce)
181
Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian
182
Turkmenistan
Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7%
183
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
184
Uganda
English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
185
Ukraine
Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
186
United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
187
United Kingdom
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic
188
United States
English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000)
189
Uruguay
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero
190
Uzbekistan
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
191
Vanuatu
Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73%
192
Vatican City (Holy See)
Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
193
Venezuela
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
194
Vietnam
Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
195
Western Sahara (proposed state)
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
196
Yemen
Arabic
197
Zambia
English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages
198
Zimbabwe
English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects
