Languages And Levels Flashcards
Level n: Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine Mn, with machine language Ln
Programs in Ln are either interpreted by an interpreter running on a lower machine,or are translated to the machine language of a lower machine.
Level 3: Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine M3, with machine language L3
Level 2:
Virtual Machine M2 with machine language M2
Programs in L2 are either interpreted by interpreters running on M1 or M0, or are translated to L1 or L0
Level 1: Virtual Machines
Virtual Machine M1 with machine language L1
Programs in L1 are either interpreted by an interpreter running on M0, or are translated to L0
Level 0: Virtual Machines
Actual computer M0 with machine language L0
Programs in L0 can be directly executed by the electronic circuits
Level 5: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Problem-Oriented language level
Translation: compiler
Level 4: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Assembly Language Level
Translation: assembler
Level 3: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Operating system machine level
Partial interpretation: operating system
Level 2: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Instruction set architecture level
Interpretation (microprogram) or direct execution
Level 0: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Digital Logic Level
Level 1: Contemporary Multilevel Machines
Micro architectural level
Hardware
Von Neumann Machine
First machine to store memory.
PDP-8 Single Bus
The PDP omnibus was among the first to use a single bus
Bus
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. This expression covers all related hardware components (wire, optical fiber, etc.) and software, including communication protocols.
Moore’s Law
A 60% annual increase in the number of transistors that can be put on a chip.
