larynx

Question 1

functions of larynx

Answer 1

• allows air passage in and out of trachea
  -protective sphincter preventing foreign bodies from entering airway
  -organ of phonation (speech production)

Question 2

laryngeal cartilages

Answer 2

• epiglottis
  -thyroid cartilage
  -cricoid cartilage
  -arytenoid cartilage

Question 3

what type of cartilage are the laryngeal cartilages

Answer 3

hyaline cartilage except for the epiglottis which is elastic cartilage

Question 4

which is only complete ring

Answer 4

cricoid cartilage

Question 5

fusion of the left and right laminae of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 5

laryngeal prominence (adams apple)

Question 6

function of epiglottis

Answer 6

swings down and closes the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to protect the airway and prevent any foreign bodies from entering

Question 7

extrinsic membrane of larynx

Answer 7

thyrohyoid membrane

Question 8

thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 8

spans the space between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

Question 9

anterior thickening of thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 9

median thyrohyoid ligament

Question 10

posterior thickening of thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 10

lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Question 11

cricotracheal ligament

Answer 11

goes between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring

Question 12

what is the intrinsic membrane of larynx

Answer 12

quadrangular membrane

Question 13

quadrangular membrane-where is it

Answer 13

from arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis

Question 14

cricothyroid ligament

Answer 14

from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid thyroid cartilage

Question 15

vocal ligament

Answer 15

superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament

Question 16

laryngeal folds

Answer 16

-aryepiglottic fold
-vestibular fold
-vocal fold

Question 17

rima glottidis

Answer 17

the space between the vocal folds

Question 18

intrinsic laryngeal muscles: three actions

Answer 18

1. open or close the rima glottidis
2. alter the tension of the vocal folds
3. opening or closure of laryngeal inlet

Question 19

which muscle opens the rima glottidis

Answer 19

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 20

which muscles close the rima glottidis

Answer 20

• transverse arytenoid muscle
• lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 21

what does lengthening the vocal folds do?

Answer 21

increases tension - higher pitch

Question 22

what does shortening the vocal folds do?

Answer 22

reduces tension- lower pitch

Question 23

which muscle shortens the vocal folds?

Answer 23

thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 24

which muscle lengthens the vocal folds?

Answer 24

cricothyroid muscle

Question 25

how does the laryngeal inlet open?

Answer 25

by descent of the larynx (& pharynx) by elastic recoil

Question 26

which muscles closes the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 26

oblique arytenoid muscle

Question 27

nerve supply of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 27

all are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT for the cricothyroid which is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (branches of vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 28

what structure does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Answer 28

right subclavian artery

Question 29

what structure does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?

Answer 29

aortic arch

Question 30

sensory nerve supply to structures above the vocal folds

Answer 30

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus nerve)

Question 31

sensory nerve supply to structures below the vocal folds

Answer 31

recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus nerve)

Question 32

speech production - how does it occur

Answer 32

-only vocal folds are closed -rima glottidis is closed and air is forced through causing vibrations -vocal fold length and tension altered for pitch of voice

Question 33

role of larynx in effort closure

Answer 33

-effort closure - for heavy lifting, etc - vocal and vestibular folds are closed - rima glottidis and vestibule are closed