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ANAT3004 > Larynx and Thyroid > Flashcards

Larynx and Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

List three functions of the larynx

A

Respiration
Vocalisation
Protection of the respiratory passage during swallowing

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2
Q

How does the larynx protect the respiratory passage during swallowing?

A

The epiglottis closes the larynx so food doesn’t pass into the larynx and therefore the airways

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3
Q

T/F:

The entire larynx is lined with respiratory epithelium

A

False

Larynx is but epiglottis is lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

The joints between the major cartilages of the larynx are _____

A

synovial

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5
Q

List the three hyaline cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid

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6
Q

T/F:

All the hyaline cartilages are singular

A

False

Thyroid and cricoid are singular but arytenoid is paired

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7
Q

List some features of the thyroid cartilage

A 
Anterior lamina
Laryngeal prominence
Superior horn
Inferior horn
Oblique line
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8
Q

Which is the only cartilage that surrounds the larynx?

A

Cricoid

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9
Q

T/F:

The cricoid lamina is anterior and the arch is posterior

A

False
Lamina is posterior
Arch is anterior

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10
Q

T/F:

Many of the intrinsic muscles attach to the arytenoid cartilage

A

True

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11
Q

T/F:
The vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilage are directed medially and are the sites of attachment of the vocal ligament/fold/vocalis muscle

A

False

Everything is true except that they are directed anteriorly

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12
Q

Which direction are the muscular processes of the larynx directed?

A

Laterally

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13
Q

The apex of the larynx is directed ______ and is attached to the _______

A

Directed superiorly

Attached to the aryepiglottic muscle/fold

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14
Q

T/F:

The fibrocartilages of the larynx are all single except the cuniform

A

False

all paired except the epiglottis which is single

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15
Q

Where are the corniculate cartilages located?

A

Apex of the arytenoid cartilage

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16
Q

Where are the cuniform cartilages?

A

In the sides of the aryepiglottic fold

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17
Q

Where are the tritiate cartilages located?

A

In the thickened posterior part of the thyrohyoid membrane

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18
Q

Name the two synovial joints of the larynx

A

Cricothyroid

Cricoarytenoid

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19
Q

T/F:
The cricothyroid joint is between the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage to the medial lamina of the cricoid cartilage

A

False

Lateral lamina of cricoid cartilage

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20
Q

Where is the cricoarytenoid joint?

A

Upper border of cricoid cartilage to the base of the arytenoid

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21
Q

T/F:

The thyroepiglottic ligament is articulation of the epiglottis with posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage

A

True

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22
Q

Which muscles attach to the oblique line?

A

Extrinsic muscles sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the inlet of the larynx?

A

Surrounded by the upper border of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

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24
Q

What are the boundaries of the vestibule of the larynx?

A

From the inlet to the superior edge of the vestibular folds

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25
Q

What are the boundaries of the intermediate cavity?

A

From the vestibular folds down to the level of the vocal folds

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26
Q

What is fima glottidis?

A

Gap between the vocal folds

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27
Q

What are the boundaries of the inflaepiglottic cavity?

A

Inferior edge of the vocal folds to the top of the trachea

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28
Q

T/F:

Vestibule folds are more superior than vocal folds

A

True

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29
Q

T/F:

Vestibule and vocal folds are mark of elastic vocal ligament and vocalis muscle

A

False
Only vocal folds are
Vestibule folds are soft folds of mucous membrane

30
Q

T/F:

Both the folds are made of respiratory epithelium

A

False
Vestibule folds are
Vocal folds are made of non-keratinized squamous epithelium

31
Q

T/F:

Thyrohyoid membrane and cricotracheal membrane are intrinsic membranes

A

False

Extrinsic membranes

32
Q

Where does the thyrohyoid membrane extend from?

A

Upper thyroid cartilage to hyoid

33
Q

T/F:

The lateral borders of the thyrohyoid membrane thicken to form the thyrohyoid ligament

A

False

Posterior borders

34
Q

Which cartilage does the thyrohyoid membrane incorporate?

A

Tritiate cartilage

35
Q

T/F:

The cricotracheal membrane extends from the cricoid cartilage to lateral edge of the trachea

A

False

Superior edge of the trachea

36
Q

T/F:

The intrinsic muscles are paired except for arytenoid

A

True

37
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles?

A

Change the positions of the cartilages

Change positions of the vocal cords/tension/modify laryngeal inlet

38
Q

T/F:

The vocal process of the arytenoid is attached to the vocal folds

A

True

39
Q

Which muscle is visible on the superficial surface of an intact larynx?

A

Cricothyroid

40
Q

Where does the cricothyroid muscle extend from?

A

Superficial surface of cricoid arch to the deep surface of the thyroid lamina and inferior horn

41
Q

Which muscles are best seen when the thyroid cartilage is partly removed ie the intrinsic muscles deep/posterior to the thyroid cartilage?

A 
Aryepiglottic muscle
Oblique Arytenoid muscle
Transverse arytenoid muscle
Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscle
Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscle
42
Q

T/F:

The aryepiglottic muscle extends from the lateral sides of the arytenoid cartilage to the sides of the epiglottis

A

False

Apex of the arytenoid cartilage

43
Q

Which other muscle is continuous with the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Oblique arytenoid muscles

44
Q

Where does the oblique arytenoid muscle extend from?

A

Muscular process of one arytenoid cartilage to the apex of the opposite one

45
Q

T/F:
The transverse arytenoid muscle extends from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage to the lateral edge of the opposite one.

A

False

Muscular process to muscular process

46
Q

T/F:
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle extends from the posterior cricoid lamina to the muscular process of the contralateral arytenoid

A

False

ipsilateral arytenoid

47
Q

T/F:

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is deep to the cricothyroid muscle

A

True

48
Q

Where does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle extend from?

A

Arch of the cricoid back and up to the muscular process of arytenoid

49
Q

Where does thyroarytenoid muscle extend from?

A

Inner surface of arch of thyroid cartilage to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

50
Q

What forms the vocalis muscle?

A

Medial extension of the thyroarytenoid muscle

51
Q

Where does the thyroepiglottis extend from?

A

Inner surface of thyroid lamina to lateral surface of epiglottis (some of the fibres intertwine with aryepiglottis)

52
Q

Which two muscles close the inlet?

A

Aryepiglottic and oblique arytenoid muscles

the two that make a big cross posteriorly

53
Q

Which muscle pulls the inlet open?

A

Thyroepiglottis

54
Q

T/F:

When the vocal cords tense/tighten, the cricoid rocks forwards and the arytenoid cartilage is pulled posteriorly

A

False

Cricoid rocks backwards

55
Q

Which muscle is responsible for tensing the vocal cords?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

56
Q

Which two muscles relax the vocal cords?

A

thyroarytenoid and vocalis

57
Q

Which three extrinsic muscles raise the larynx and compress the larygenal orifice?

A

Thyrohyoid
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

58
Q

Which muscle lowers the larynx and opens the orifice?

A

Sternothyroid

59
Q

Which foramen does the vagus nerve exit the skull via?

A

Jugular foramen

60
Q

Describe the vagus nerve on the left hand side of the thorax

A

Crosses anterior surface of arch of aorta then recurrent laryngeal loops under the arch

61
Q

Describe the vagus nerve on the right hand side of the thorax

A

Crosses anterior surface of subclavian artery and then loops under the subclavian artery

62
Q

On both sides of the thorax, the recurrent laryngeals run in a groove inbetween which two structures?

A

Oesophagus and trachea

63
Q

T/F:

Recurrent laryngeals pass superficially to the thyroid gland

A

False

Deep/posteriorly

64
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve in terms of the larynx/oral cavity?

A

Sensory and somatic motor to the larynx and pharynx

Sensory to soft palate

65
Q

Which muscle does the superior laryngeal nerve internal branch pass under?

A

Thyrohyoid muscle

then pierces the thyrohyoid membrane

66
Q

What does the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Sensory and motor to mucosa down to the level of and including the vocal folds

67
Q

What does the external branch of the superior larygenal nerve supply?

A

Cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx

Sensory and motor

68
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

All the muscles except the cricothyroid muscle

Mucos membrane below vocal fold

69
Q

Where do the thyroid lobes extend to?

A

Thyroid cartilage to 4th/5th tracheal cartilage

70
Q

T/F:

The thyroid is superficial to the infrahyoid muscles

A

False

Deep

ANAT3004 (17 decks)

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