LearningCurve 3a. Basic Consciousness Concepts; Sleep and Dreams

Question 1

Neuroscientists study consciousness and its connection to:

Answer 1

Brain Activity

Question 2

Some animals sleep many more or many fewer hours per day than humans do. For example, bats sleep about _____ hours per day, whereas cows sleep only _____ hours per day.

Answer 2

20;4

Question 3

Those who complain of insomnia typically _____ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and _____ how long they actually slept.

Answer 3

overestimate; underestimate

Question 4

_____ processing occurs when many aspects of a stimulus are processed at the same time.

Answer 4

Parallel

Question 5

If you gently wake someone who is in the REM stage of sleep, there is about a(n) _____ percent chance the person will report being in the middle of a dream.

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

College students who get insufficient sleep are NOT likely to have which of these effects?

Answer 6

excess energy

Question 7

Marcie is driving Adam to the airport. Adam is telling Marcie about some financial difficulties he is having. Periodically, he asks Marcie for her opinion. According to the textbook, attending to the conversation may decrease activity in the areas of Marcie’s brain critical for safe driving by nearly _____ percent.

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

Jasper stays up very late most Saturday nights. He finds Monday mornings very difficult because he often sleeps until noon on Sunday and has trouble going to sleep at a reasonable time on Sunday night. What advice would one give him to help him with his Monday morning problem?

Answer 8

Jasper should try to maintain the same bedtime throughout the week.

Question 9

Becky remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, the specific dream details that Becky remembers is called the _____ content.

Answer 9

Manifest

Question 10

Katie prides herself on her ability to spot errors in “continuity” in movies and TV shows. A few minutes ago, she pointed out that a wine glass was nearly empty in one frame, then full in the next. Most people fail to spot these errors in continuity because of:

Answer 10

change blindness.

Question 11

Which scenario is MOST relevant to the field of cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 11

A researcher can tell that Julie is looking at a telephone based on cortical activation patterns

Question 12

Gerri ignores the sound of the television to focus on a telephone conversation. Gerri’s experience BEST illustrates:

Answer 12

selective attention.

Question 13

Dr. Maida examines the brain activity that accompanies mathematical problem solving. Dr. Maida is BEST described as a(n):

Answer 13

cognitive neuroscientist.

Question 14

To ensure he gets the most he can out of his cruise vacation, night after night Toby stays up late. He tries to sleep during the day, but his cabin is too noisy and he suffers from REM sleep deprivation. What can Toby expect to happen during his first several nights back home?

Answer 14

He will experience REM rebound.

Question 15

Matthew tries to finish the day’s most important business by 1:00 P.M., before his brain “runs down.” His graduate student Meghna claims that her brain “comes alive” at 10:00 P.M. Matthew may be described as a(n) _____, whereas Meghna is better called a(n) _____.

Answer 15

lark; owl

Question 16

Felicia remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. According to Sigmund Freud’s theory, the specific dream details that Felicia remembers is called the _____ content.

Answer 16

Manifest

Question 17

During commencement, a parent sat waiting for her child’s name to be called. She failed to realize that the person initially reading off the graduates’ names left and that a new person was now reading. This scenario illustrates:

Answer 17

Change Blindness