Lec 1 Flashcards
What are the 2 processes required for human body development
Proliferation
Specialisation
What are the 3 principles of TERM
3Rs
Replacement
Repair
Regeneration
What theory was formed in 1600s that theorised how humans grew
Preformationism
a theory that we only grew by growth and not differentiation so we were one huge ass cell.
Why do we use salamander as a model for regeneration
It goes through epimorphosis and resets the cells–> meaning it resets telomeres –> giving infinite regeneration capacity
Why is liver used for a human regeneration model?
It regenerates and regains mass that was previously lost
Why is the liver not true regeneration
It only regains mass and not structure therefore function is decreased.
What is an example of a vertebrae that can regenerate?
Spiney mouse
Fibrosis vs regeneration (graph)
Fibrosis is in higher mammals, it is faster, impairs function due to scars. does not occur in liver or hair during healing.
Regeneration is slower and occurs in lower vertebraes. it restores full function, structure and mass.
Which concept/principle dates back the furtherst in TERM
Replacement:
skin
examples of synthetic skin replacements
integra: 1996
synthetic polymer for epidermis and collagen for dermis
dermagraft:1999
allogenic fibroblast on scaffold to act as dermis (no epidermal layer)
apligraf: 1999
allogenic keratinocytes as epidermis and fibroblasts in collagen as dermis
Skin replacement theory??
The main function of skin is to form a physical barrier, therefore the replacements provide a barrier. “physical replacement”
How does a pancreas replacement work
Instead of replacing the whole organ structure we try to replace the function by using islet cells in scaffolds with a capsule around it to protect it against the immune system.
Company=Cerco Medical
repair/regeneration
Repair and Regeneration usually go hand in hand. As you need one if you want the other.
Repair and regen of bladder using the submucosa of the intestines
Xenogeneic scaffolds are used.
processed to strip the cellular components but keep ECM intact
As the scaffold degrades in the body the host tissue will use the scaffold to regenerate
It is a replacement and regeneration strategy
Why is TERM important in terms of organ donations?
- organ donations have a long waiting list.
- There is a huge need for new organs but not enough organs at a given point in time to treat all patients
- Organ donation is allogenic and therefore experiences immunosuppression problems.
- TERM can produce organs for commercial use and also without a need for immunosuppression for long periods of time.
