Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Brain and Behavior Exam 2 > Lec 22 Disorders of Vestibular System > Flashcards

Lec 22 Disorders of Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

Why are kids more prone to middle ear infection?

A

eustachian tube connect pharynx to middle ear

in adults –> eustachian tube is longer, more vertical = better safe guard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the outer ear?

A

pinna and external auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of the middle ear?

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • ossicles
  • air containing space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear?

A
  • cochlea
  • vestibule
  • semicircular canals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does weber test tell you?

A
  • if sound different on one side

–> will lateralize toward conductive hearing loss or away from sensorineural hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does rinne test tell you?

A

normal or sensorineural == AC > BC [louder from air than on bone]

conductive loss == BC > AC [louder on bone than air]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What it tympanometry?

A

test movement of ear drum by presenting tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of an audiogram?

A

way to diagnose hearing loss

    • establish pure tone threshold for air and bone
    • test speech reception threshold for each ear
    • provide speech discrimination score
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to air vs bone conduction in conductive hearing loss?

A

AC depressed
BC normal
air-bone gap (BC&raquo_space; AC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to air vs bone conduction in sensory neural hearing loss?

A

AC and BC depressed
AC = BC
usually bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are possible causes of conductive hearing loss?

A
  • cerumen [ear wax]
  • fluid [infextion]
  • eustachian tube swelling
  • tympanic membrane perforation
  • cholesteatoma
  • otosclerosis, congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

genetic fixation of stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is cholesteatoma?

A

mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium invading middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is treatment for conductive hearing loss?

A

drainage or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of ear usually affected in conductive hearing loss?

A

outer/middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what part of ear usually affected in sensory neural hearing loss?

A

inner ear or CNS problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does audiogram show in sensorineural hearing loss?

A

both AC and BC are less, high frequencies lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are potential causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A 
aging
genetic
noise
acoustic neuroma
medieres
toxins/virus/trauma/meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are treatment for sensorineural hearing loss?

A

surgery, radiation [if neuroma], hearing aid, cochlear implant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 2 most prevalent causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

aging

noise exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are signs of hearing loss do to aging?

A
  • type of sensory neural
  • high frequencies lost
  • speech discrimination preserved
22
Q

what are signs of hearing loss due to genetic cause?

A
  • type of sensory neural
  • middle frequencies lost
  • u shaped audiogram [with lowest in the middle]
23
Q

what are signs of hearing loss due to noise?

A

type of sensory neural

high frequencies lost [usually notch at 4 kHz]

24
Q

what are signs of hearing loss due to acoustic neuroma

A

type of sensory neural
unilateral
low speech discrimination

25
Who should get cochlear implant?
- if bilateral sensory neural hearing loss = severe | - if not benefit from hearing aid
26
What is vertigo?
vestibular system disease causing false sense of motion
27
what is imbalance?
sensory disturbance in vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive | - orign can also be cerebella, motor, etc
28
what is disequilibrium? causes?
pt feels like things are off balance, drunk due to: degenerative, brainstem, multisensory, psychogenic
29
What is lightheadedness? causes?
pt feels like will fall - usually cardio or metabolic [NOT VESTIBULAR}
30
What is VNG?
videonystagmography [VNG] = ENG | - measures direction and velocity of eye movement
31
What is the difference peripheral vs central vertigo?
peripheral = more common, inner ear, positional, delayed horizontal nystagmus, acute onset central = brain stem or cerebellar, directional change of nystagmus, immediate nystagmus in any direction with position testing, more persistent
32
What are some potential causes of central vertigo?
cerebellopontine angle tumor - stroke - migraine - MS
33
what are some potential causes of peripheral vertigo?
inner ear --> semicircular canal or otolith problem | vestibular nerve: BPPV, meniere's labyinthitis
34
What are the 5 common vestibular syndromes?
- acute unilateral vestibular loss - menieres - BPPV - bilateral vestibular loss - migraine associated diziness
35
What are some causes of acute unilateral vestibular loss?
- vestibular neuritis - temporal bone fracture - infarction - inflammation/infection of vestbular neve - acoustinc neuroma, injury to inner ear, vestibular neuritis, acute labrynthtis, temporal bone fracture
36
What are symptoms of acute unilateral vestibular loss?
- sudden onset vertigo, N/V, nystagmus in acute phase - + romber - past pointing - gate ataxic, veers toward lesion side
37
What is treatment for acute unilateral vestibular loss?
meclizine, anti-emetics +/- vestibular rehab PT
38
What causes meniere's syndrome?
too much endolymph fluid --> distension of inner ear
39
what are symptoms of meniere's?
episodic vertigo: spontaneous, unpredictable, lasts hrs - accompanies by N/V - unilateral gradual hearing loss, aural fullness, tinnitus
40
How do you diganose/treat menieres?
diagnose: audiogram with unilateral upsloping sensory neural hearing loss treat: vestibular suppressants, diurectics to minimize fluid pressure
41
What causes BPPV?
otolith/otoconia dislodged and float in endolymph --> put angle affected side down, go to posterior canal and cause stimulation --> delayed rotatory nystagmus
42
What are symptoms of BPPV?
- abrupt positional vertigo, 5-10 sec nystagmus latency
43
How do you diagnose/treat BPPV?
diagnose: dix-hallpike maneuver treat: particle repositioning
44
What causes bilateral vestibular loss?
age related, head trauma, ahminoglycosides, infectious, inflammatory
45
What symptoms of bilateral vestibular loss?
- ataxia, oscillopsia [perception of oscillating vision] | - no true vertigo
46
what is treatment for bilateral vestibular loss?
vestibular rehab PT but poor prognosis
47
hwo do you diagnose bilateral vestibular loss?
absent caloric response in both ears
48
What are symptoms of migraine-associated vertigo?
motion sickness, photo/phono phonbia | resembles episodic ataxia syndrome
49
how long does BPPV last?
seconds to minutes
50
how long does bilateral vestibular loss last?
continuous
51
how long does meniere's syndrome last?
minutes to hours
52
how long does acute unilateral vestibular lost last?
days to weeks

Brain and Behavior Exam 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions