Lec 5 - Posterior pituitary things

Question 1

ADH release is stimulated by an _____ in plasma osmolality or a ____ in blood volume. alcohol ____ its release

Answer 1

increase, decrease;

decreases

Question 2

Central DI:
ADH levels?
usually due to?

when given ADH analog, what happens?

Answer 2

low;
trauma (or pituitary tumor);

urine osmolarity increases

Question 3

Nephrogenic DI:
ADH levels?
usually do to a ____ mutation or due to these 2 drugs: __ and ___;

when given ADH analog, what happens?

Answer 3

V2 receptor;
demeclocycline, lithium;

nothing

Question 4

SIADH:
excessive water ____;
___volemic ____natremia

Answer 4

retention;

euvolemic hyponatremia

Question 5

SIADH can be treated with _____ (an ADH antagonist) or _____ (ADH receptor antagonist

Answer 5

demeclocyline;

conivaptan/tolvaptan

Question 6

ADH actions:

binds to receptors on ____ Cells in the ____ ____. causing an increase in number of ____ and H2O reabs

Answer 6

principal, collecting duct;
aquaporins

also increases NaCl reabs in Thick ascending limb

Question 7

V1 receptor:
located?
G protein is?
causes?

Answer 7

vascular smooth muscle;
Gq;
vasoconstriction

Question 8

V2 receptor?
located?
G protein is?
causes?

Answer 8

basolateral membrane of principle cells, vasc endothelium
Gs;
water reabsorption, VwF release

Question 9

____ ____ is the most important ADH analog. it is specific of ___ receptors

Answer 9

desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), V2;

others include vasopressin tannate, lypressin (nasal spray);

pitressin is an injectable form

Question 10

prostaglandins inhibit the _____ effects of ADH

Answer 10

antidiuretic

Question 11

DDAVP is used for ____ DI, ____ disease, and sleep ____

Answer 11

central; VonWilly;

enuresis

Question 12

synthetic ADH can be used to treat ____ ___ bleeding

Answer 12

esophageal variceal

Question 13

conivaptan and tolvaptan are selective ____ antagonists. they are used to treat ___natremia and ____

Answer 13

ADH receptor;

hypo, SIADH

Question 14

oxytocin is synthesized in the _____. it is also synthesized by ___ cells in the ____ of males

Answer 14

ovaries;

Leydig, testes

Question 15

oxytocin binds plasma membrane receptors and causes an increase in ___ and ____ levels

Answer 15

IP3, calcium

Question 16

in small doses, oxytocin does what?

At high concentrations it does what

Answer 16

increases frequency/force of uterine contractions;

causes sustained uterine contractions

Question 17

oxytocin:

induces ____. increases uterine ____, controling post partum ____

Answer 17

labor;

contractions, hemorrhage

Question 18

oxytocin assists in milk ____

Answer 18

letdown