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PHPY 301 > Lec 9 > Flashcards

Lec 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Ca2+ channels fuction to change membrane potential (Vm) and also acts as a signal to activate processes in the cell.

T or F?

A

True

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2
Q

Ca2+ is the initial or first transducer of electrical signals and casuses changes in:

  • Contraction
  • Secretion
  • channel gating
  • Metabolic enzymes
  • signalling enzymes
  • gene expression.

T or F?

A

False: It is the “FINAL” transducer of electrical signals

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3
Q

Ca2+ activates secretion of _______ and _______ (both are signalling molecules) and thus acts as a trigger for most kinds of intracellular communication.

A

neurotransmitters and hormones

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4
Q

Ca2+ sensitive Fluorescent dyes won a nobel prize (in 2008) for what 2 important people?

T_____

S_______

A

Roger Tsien

Osamu Shimomura

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5
Q

Who cloned and seqenced GFP?

P_____

A

Douglas C. Prasher

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6
Q

What does GFP stand for?

A

Green Fluorescent Protein

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7
Q

Which scientist worked with Jelly fish and helped discover fluorescent proteins?

_______

A

Osamu Shimomura

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of Ca2+ chennel thresholds?

A

High voltage threshold

Low voltage threshold

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9
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold “activates only during Action Potentials” ?

A

High voltage thresholds

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10
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold “actives below action potential threshold.” ?

A

low voltage threshold

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11
Q

Which Ca2+ channel threshold has Ca2+ depenent inactivation?

A

High voltage threshold

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12
Q

What is used as an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker?

A

Dihydropyridines DHP

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13
Q

DHP - dyhydropyridines partially inhibit Ca2+ channels found in what 2 types of muscle?

A

Heart Muscle

and

Arterial Smooth Muscle

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14
Q

DHP - dyhydropyridines partially inhibit Ca2+ channels and help ________(increase/decrease) both arterial blood pressure and heart contractility.

A

decrease

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15
Q

What is defined as a N-type Ca2+ channel blocker?

A

w-conotoxin (G6A)

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16
Q

In what organism was the blocker w-conotoxin (G6A) discovered?

A

in the venom of a marine Conus snail

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17
Q

In what physiological structure are the N-Type Ca2+ channels found within the body?

A

The Neurons

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18
Q

Why were N-Type Ca2+ channels named with the letter N?

A

they are found in Neurons and were iNtermediate to L and T.

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19
Q

L-Type Ca2+ channels have high or low voltage threshold?

A

high voltage threshold (L = Large or long-lived)

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20
Q

T-Type Ca2+ channels have high or low voltage threshold?

A

low voltage threshold (T = tiny or Transient)

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21
Q

What blocker is used on P/Q-Type Ca2+ Channels?

A

w-agatoxin IVA (4A)

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22
Q

In what organisms was the agatoxin 4A discovered?

A

Agelenopsis funnel web spider

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23
Q

Why was the P/Q-Type Ca2+ channel named “P/Q” ?

A

P - for Purkinje cells

and

Q - fr close to P-Type

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24
Q

___ -type and ___ -type Ca2+ channels are primarily responsible for the activation of neurotransmitter release.

A

N & P/Q

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25
A, B , C , D and E-type channel thresholds were discovered where in the body?
Brain
26
Using ________ techniques, A, B , C , D and E-type Ca2+ channels were found to code for all of the identified high threshold Ca2+ channels. This discovery was made by who? S\_\_\_\_
Molecular Terry Snutch
27
T-Type currents (G,H,I) were found by searching through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
gene banks
28
A japanese group identified the gene for what type of Ca2+ channel?
cardiac L-type
29
Following new Ca2+ channel discoveries the naming system was reorganized to reflect the "\_\_\_\_\_ relationships " between the various types.
Molecular
30
Early alphebetization of Ca2+ channel types was started by Roger Tsein's older brother named R\_\_\_\_.
Richard Tsien.
31
Early on, electrophysiologists were naming Ca2+ channels based ontheir biophysical properies and sensitivity to toxins, while molecular biologists were discoverying the genes that code for the channels. T or F?
True
32
What are the 3 main types of Ca2+ Channel Families ?
1. L-Type 2. Family for synaptic release (N & P|Q) 3. T-Type
33
The T-Type current is selective for Ca2+ and therefore opnings cause a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (repolarizatoin/depolarization)
depolarization
34
T-Type currents are activated at\_\_\_\_ (low/high) thresholds and may act to depolarize a cell to reach action potential threshold.
low
35
T-type currents are actvated _____ (above, below) the threshold of Na+ channels.
36
\_\_-type Channels therefore play a role in activating burst firing by generating a slow Ca2+ wave in neuronal somata.
T-type
37
In the absence of Na2+ the slow Ca2+ wave depolarization caused by \_-type current is seen.
T-Type
38
L-type Ca2+ Channels: What is the voltage threshold?
high
39
L-type Ca2+ Channels: ## Footnote What is its blocker?
DHPs - dihydropyridines
40
L-type Ca2+ Channels: Where are they located in the body?
Heart muscle skeletal muscle vascular smooth muscle
41
L-type Ca2+ Channels: What are their function?
Contraction of Muscle
42
L-type Ca2+ Channels: What are the gene numbers?
1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4
43
T-type Ca2+ Channels: What is the voltage threshold ?
low or Transient
44
T-type Ca2+ Channels: What blockers can be used?
less sensitive to DHPs - dihydropyridines
45
T-type Ca2+ Channels: Where are they located in the body?
Brain Neurons SA node of the heart
46
T-type Ca2+ Channels: whats their function?
burst firing (repetitive firing)
47
T-type Ca2+ Channels: what are the gene numbers?
3. 1 3. 2 3. 3
48
R-type Ca2+ Channels: What is the voltage threshold?
high
49
R-type Ca2+ Channels: What's its blocker?
insensitive to all blockers
50
R-type Ca2+ Channels: where is it located in the body?
Neurons also Cerebellar granule cells
51
R-type Ca2+ Channels: Whats its function?
exocytotic neurotransmitter release
52
R-type Ca2+ Channels: whats its gene numbers?
2.3
53
N-type Ca2+ Channels: what is the voltage threshold?
high
54
N-type Ca2+ Channels: What is the blocker?
w-conotoxin G6A
55
N-type Ca2+ Channels: What is its function?
exocytotic neurotransmitter release
56
N-type Ca2+ Channels: Whats its gene numbers?
2.2
57
P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels: whats is the voltage threshold ?
high
58
P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels: what is its blocker?
agatoxin 4A
59
P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels: where are they located?
Cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells and cell bodies of central neurons
60
P|Q -type Ca2+ Channels: what are its gene numbers?
2.1
61
\_\_\_ (ion) channels are all about "location , location, location" They have specific ____ \_\_\_\_ sequences that interact with other proteins to hlep target and/or anchor them to specific locations in the cell.
Ca2+ amino acid
62
What are the 2 KEY localization sequences within Ca2+ channels?
1. Synprint 2. Mint/CASK binding sites
63
What is defined as a "synaptic protein intereaction" and is only present in channel types that include neurotransmission (P|Q and N) ?
synprint
64
What binding site, along with synprint, is a key localization sequence in Ca2+ channels?
Mint/CASK binding sites

PHPY 301 (23 decks)

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