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ESS205H1 - FINAL 2022 > LEC 9: Climate Change > Flashcards

LEC 9: Climate Change Flashcards

1
Q

3 main GHG’s responsible for blocking the exit of longwave thermal radiation?

A

Methane, Nitrous Oxide, CO2

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2
Q

What’s Direct Radiative Forcing?

A

How GHG’s trap outgoing thermal radiation …

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3
Q

GHG’s increase sharply around the time of the …

A

Industrial revolution.

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4
Q

What kind of greenhouse effect is the greenhouse effect?

A

An enhanced greenhouse effect.

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5
Q

CO2 contributes roughly how much to the anthropogenic increase?

A

55% of the anthropogenic increase

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6
Q

Warming should increase evaporate and then cool the planet (positive feedback) … HOWEVER …

A

Vapor creates clouds, damnit (often blocks outgoing radiation).

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7
Q

Clouds have 2 effects …

A

Albedo (reflecting sun back) but also trapping heat in.

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8
Q

Stratospheric vs. Tropospheric Ozone

A

Stratospheric ozone = negative forcing (good!) … Tropospheric = positive forcing (BAD)

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9
Q

What substances cause the most negative forcing (offsetting the damage, slightly) …

A

Aerosols (also human-made), like DUST and stuff.

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10
Q

What kind of effect do Aerosols have on direct radiative forcing?

A

Negative forcing … (which is a good thing).

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11
Q

Indirect cooling

A

increased cloud coverage (albedo)

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12
Q

Direct cooling

A

reflection (?) okay.

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13
Q

GHG concentration FIRST began to change when?

A

8 Kya / rice patties / cattle

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14
Q

What season comes early because C.C.?

A

Spring

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15
Q

Most highly affected region during C.C.?

A

Arctic.

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16
Q

Will summers be much warmer?

A

No. Winters will be.

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17
Q

What GHG is sequestered in Permafrost?

A

Methane.

18
Q

Word for decrease in ocean pH

A

acidification

19
Q

Acidification is …

A

decrease in ocean pH

20
Q

C.C. effects will be uniform around the world.

A

No.

21
Q

Greenland’s Jacobshavn Glacier

A

retreated by 40 KM

22
Q

Acidification prevents “who” from doing “what”?

A

Plankton from making protective shells

23
Q

What are the basis of marine food web?

A

Plankton

24
Q

Permafrost is where the ground is frozen for how long …

A

at least 2 years

25
Q

Before modern crap, CO2 ranged between …

A

180-280 PPM

26
Q

180-280 PPM

A

The “natural” range of CO2 PPM before human junk

27
Q

Canada is Temperate and Humid. If Earth warms, what type of climate will come creeping up from the South?

A

Temperate and Arid

28
Q

The equator is temperate and arid.

A

No, it’s warm and humid.

29
Q

We are in the glacial hot house.

A

No. We are in the inter-glacial cold house.

30
Q

If there’s even any snow on the peaks of mountains, that means the Earth is still in what kind of house …

A

Cold, baby.

31
Q

What was the negative forcing mechanism that stopped tremendous global warming during the Younger Dryas?

A

Atlantic glaciers fed the deep ocean currents.

32
Q

Why is Tutty skeptical about negative forcing mechanisms saving the day?

A

There are no Atlantic glaciers like there were in the Younger Dryas, my sisbros. Bleak, in’it?

33
Q

What’s mitigation?

A

Moderate or postpone C.C.

34
Q

What’s adaptation?

A

Respond to C.C. (implies we’re already f*cked). IE., changing sewers to handle flooding better.

35
Q

What are some variables in “deep time” that would affect temperatures greatly?

A

Milankovitch variables

36
Q

Not John Malkovich but …

A

Milankovitch

37
Q

Negative forcing from Aerosols and

A

land cover

38
Q

What’s “faint young sun” got to do with anything

A

I’d like to know. ..

39
Q

Sunspots

A

Are probably good

40
Q

Name for all cycles on Earth that could affect climate …

A

BIOGEOCHEMICAL

41
Q

If supercontinents @ poles

A

Greater albedo around equator. Causes cooling / negative forcing.

ESS205H1 - FINAL 2022 (8 decks)

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