LEC MOD 5 Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Is a major branch of chemistry that deals
with carbon compounds. it is a study of hydrocarbons
A
Organic Chemistry
2
Q
are atoms that
are not bonded to hydrogen atoms
A
Inorganic compounds
3
Q
required
to synthesize an organic compound as per chemists
A
vital force
4
Q
vital force theory was found
incorrect by?
A
Friedrich Wohler
5
Q
an organic
compound normally found in the blood
in urine
A
urea
6
Q
Wohler’s inorganic compunds used to synthesize urea
A
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and silver cyanate (AgNCO)
7
Q
are carbon atoms that
are attached or bonded to hydrogen
atoms
A
hydrocarbons
8
Q
It is the study of all compounds
other than hydrocarbons and their
derivatives
A
Inorganic chem
9
Q
Characteristics of organic compounds
A
- covalent bonds
- liquids, solids
- low melting points
- soluble in organic solvents
- aque do not conduct electricity
- all burn
- reactions are slow
10
Q
two different compounds but same molecular formula
A
isomerism
11
Q
type of isomer that have the same molecular formula differ in arrangement of the carbon chain
A
skeletal isomerism
12
Q
kind of isomer that have same molecular formula, differ in connectivity
A
constitutional isomerism
13
Q
kind of stereoisomer that mirror image each other
A
enantiomers
14
Q
stereoisomer that have hydrogen same side
A
cis isomerism
15
Q
stereoisomer that dont have hydrogen in same side
A
trans isomerism
16
Q
group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic chemical and physical behaviors
A
functional
17
Q
atom or group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic chemical and physical behaviors
A
functional
18
Q
functional groups:
A
alkane alkene alkyne aromatic hydrocarbon alcohol phenol ether thiol aldehyde ketone carboxylic acid ester amine amide
19
Q
Alkanes
A
saturated GS: RH C-H R=H NO FUNCTIONAL GROUP suffix: -ane
20
Q
Alkene
A
one or more C to C double bond
- unsaturated
- Acyclic
- suffix: ene
21
Q
Alkynes
A
one or more C-C triple bonds
- unsat
- acyclic
- suffix:yne
22
Q
Aromatic HC
A
- compound with benzene (6 carbons, 3 double bonds)
- unsaturated
- cyclic
- suffix:benzene
23
Q
FG that is not carbons or hydrogen
A
Heteroatom
24
Q
Alcohol
A
- OH group bonded to saturated C
- GS: R-OH
- hydroxyl group
- suffix- ol
25
Phenol
- OH group bonded to C in an Aromatic carbon ring
- hydroxyl
- suffix: phenol
26
Phenol
- OH group bonded to C in an Aromatic carbon ring
- hydroxyl
- suffix: phenol
27
Ether
- oxygen bonded to 2 carbon by single
| - GS: R-O-R
28
Thiol
- SH group bonded to a saturated C
- GS: R-SH
- Sulfhydryl group
- suffix: thiol
29
Aldehyde
has a C=O with atleast one H atom directly attached to it
- GS: R-CHO
- Carbonyl group
- suffix: al
30
Ketone
has C=O with 2 other C
- GS: R-COR
- Carbonyl group
- suffix-one
31
Carboxylic acid
has C=O and -OH bonded to Carbonyl
GS:R-COOH
Carboxylic group
Suffix:- oic acid
32
Ester
has a C=O and an -OR
- GS: R-COOR
- COOR group
- ate
33
Amine
- organic derivative of Ammonia (NH3)
- GS: R-NH2
- Amino group
- suffix: amine
33
Amine
- organic derivative of ammonia (NH3)
- Amino group
- GS: R-NH2
- suffix: amine
34
Amide
has a C=O and an amino group
GS: RCONH2
Amino group and carbonyl group
-suffix:amide
35
Alkyl halides
contain halogen bonded to carbon
- GS: RX
- Halo group
- F, Br, Cl, I
36
is the specific 3D arrangement of atoms in organic molecule at a given instant that results to rotation about C-C single bonds
Comformation
37
is a saturated HC in which carbon atoms connected to one another in a cyclic ring
cycloalkane
38
in 18th century scientists categorized compounds into two types:
Organic -living organisms
| Inorganic- from minerals
39
who proved the vital force theory is wrong?
Friedrich Wohler (1828)
40
it is the study iof all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives
Inorganic chemistry
41
Properties of organic chemistry:
```
Covalent bonds
low melting point
insoluble in water
aqueous sol dont donduct electricity
all burn
rxns are slow
```
42
Inorganic chemistry properties:
```
ionic bonds
highmelting points
soluble in water
insoluble in inorganic solvents
aqueous sols conduct elec
few burn
rxns are fast
```
43
ways to attain 4 bond requirement:
bonding with other 4 atoms; 4 single bonds
bonding with other 3 stoms; 2 single bonds and 1 dounble bond
bonding with other 2 atoms; 1 single bond and 1 triple bonds
44
classifications of carbon:
primary carbon
secondary carbon
tertiary carbon
quaternary carbon
45
is a chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance
Molecular formula
| Example: CH4, C2H6
46
Structural formula types:
Expanded formula
condensed structural formula
.Skeletal
Line-bond
47
– is a representation that gives the
exact number of each atom in a compound as well as
the bonding arrangement of the atoms and the type of
bond present at each atom.
expanded formula
48
– is a two-dimensional structural
representation that shows the bonding arrangement of the
atoms.
structural formula
49
each carbon atom and its attached
hydrogen atoms are written as a group. More detailed
than the molecular formula.
condensed structural formula
50
– structural arrangement of all
bonded carbon atoms without showing the attached
hydrogen atoms.
Skeletal structural formula
51
the quickest representation in
which a line represents a carbon–carbon bond. A
carbon atom is understood to be present at every point
where two lines meet (at the intersection) and at the
ends of each line.
Line-bond structural formula
52
two different compounds, by formatin, but have the same molecular formula
Isomerism
53
are compounds that have the same molecular formula (thatis, the same numbers and kinds of atoms) but that differ in the way the atoms are arranged; same molecular formula, ARE DIFF COMPOUNDS WITH DIFF PROPERTIES
Isomers
54
same molecular formula, differ in arrangement of the carbon chain
Skeletal isomerism
55
same molecular formula, differ in the connectivity
constitutional isomerism
56
kind of stereo isomer that mirror image of each other
enantiomers
57
aka ciis-trans isomerism
Diastereomers
58
compound with bondage of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons
59
Hydrocarbons in which all carbon-to-carbon bonds are
single bonds and are the simplest type of organic
compound
Saturated
60
```
Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-to-carbon
multiple bonds (double bond, triple bond, or both)
```
Unsaturated
61
compounds with benzene rings
Aromatic
62
Open chains (acyclic) and cycclic
Aliphatic
63
HC derivatives involving oxygen
Alcohol, phenol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester
64
HC derivative involving nitrogen
Amines
65
HC derivative involving nitrogen and Oxygen
Amides
66
HC derivative involving halogen
Alkyl halides
67
HC derivative involving sulfur
Thiols
68
is an atom or a group of atoms with
characteristic chemical and physical properties. This determines
the shape, properties, and the type of reactions of a molecule.
The study of functional groups and their reactions provide the
organizational structure for organic chemistry.
functional group
69
it is an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or mmore carbon-carbon double bonds
Alkene
70
is cyclic unstaurated hydrocarbon that contains two or more C-C double bonds within the ring system
cycloalkene
71
is a compound used by insects and some animals to trnasmit a message to other members of the same species.
Pheromone
72
is an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more c-c triple bonds
Alkyne
73
is an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon that does not readily undergo addition reactions
aromatic hydocarbon
