Lecture 08: Semen Deposition and Transport (Pozor) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 08: Semen Deposition and Transport (Pozor) Deck (32)
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1
Q

organs participating in semen formation

A

epididymis, ampulla, accessory sex glands

2
Q

Where is disseminate prostate located in the ram?

A

within the pelvic urethra

3
Q

Where does pathology of accessory sex glands occur most often in bulls?

A

inflammation of vesicular gland

4
Q

NO role in sperm transport

A

helps develop erection of penis

5
Q

What happens to veins during erection?

A

become compressed so blood can flow in but not out of penis, causing engorgement

6
Q

Vascular penis and species

A

Will change in size/length during erection. Stallion

7
Q

Fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure BEHIND the scrotum + species

A
  • retractor penis m. relaxes, allowing sigmoid flexure to elongate
  • penis elongates but does not widen during erection
  • bull
8
Q

species with Fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure CRANIAL to the scrotum

A

boar

9
Q

os penis and species

A
  • has bone
  • more vascular tissue in glands and can enlarge
  • Has bulbus glandis
  • Dog
10
Q

animal with Spines penis

A

Tom cat

11
Q

emission and assoc. nerve reflex

A

release of sperm and accessory gland fluid into pelvic urethra. Controlled by thoraco-lumbar reflex which causes smooth muscle contractions

12
Q

ejaculation and assoc. nerve reflex

A

forceful expulsion of the combined fluids from the urethra. Caused by sacral reflex

13
Q

Detumescence and assoc. nerve group

A

diminishing of an erection (increased smooth muscle tone in corpus cavernosum/spongiosum; contraction of the retractor penis m.). Caused by sacral sympathetic nerves

14
Q

which species penis is corkscrew shaped?

A

boar

15
Q

fractions of semen in ruminanrs

A

1 jet (sperm rich fraction)

16
Q

fractions of semen in equids

A

~3 jets sperm-rich, ~3 jets gel fraction

17
Q

fractions of semen in swine

A

1 gel fraction, 1sperm rich fraction, then another gel fraction

18
Q

fractions of semen in canine

A

sperm-poor fraction –> sperm-rich fraction –> prostatic fraction

19
Q

which species ejaculate directly into the uterus?

A

boar (also cervix), stallion, dog, camelid

20
Q

which species ejaculate into the vagina?

A

bull, ram, man, tom cat

21
Q

retrograde loss

A

sperm loss due to natural outward flow out the vagina

22
Q

major reservoir site for sperm in female

A

cervix

23
Q

capacitation

A

Involves the destabilisation of the acrosomal sperm head membrane allowing greater binding between sperm and oocyte. Exposes the sperm so they are ready to penetrate the ova. Occurs in the uterus

24
Q

Fx and causes of uterine contractility

A

Fx: propels “good” semen up uterine horns and ejects those that can’t swim
Causes: oxytocin, prostaglandin (in seminal plasma), estrogen (in seminal plasma)

25
Q

Breeding-induced endometritis

A

spermatozoa induce inflammation and an influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the uterine lumen

26
Q

What hormone do PMNs release?

A

prostaglandin (to stimulate myometrial contractions and removal of bacteria causing endometritis)

27
Q

3 major roles of seminal plasma once in female

A

1) decrease duration of inflammatory response
2) protects live sperm from PMN binding
3) promotes PMN binding with dead sperm

28
Q

Normal site of fertilization in most animals

A

ampulla of oviduct

29
Q

Sperm in the oviduct

A
  • uterotubal junction = sperm barrier
  • isthmus = sperm reservoir
  • ampulla = site of fertilization
  • infundibulum guides ovum
30
Q

Role of isthmus in sperm storage

A
  • stores sperm
  • increases selection of fertile sperm
  • prolongs sperm viability
  • prevents capacitation
31
Q

Cryopreservation effect on sperm

A
  • may interfere with binding to oviduct
  • removal of seminal plasma
  • increases incidence of endometritis
32
Q

assisted breeding deposits semen where?

A

directly in uterus

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