Lecture 1/11

Question 1

what side do the nasal retinal fibers go?

Answer 1

to the opposite side

cross

Question 2

what side do the temporal retinal fibers go?

Answer 2

stay on the same side

Question 3

how many layers are in the LGN?

Answer 3

6 layers

Question 4

what does the LGN do?

Answer 4

takes information from both eyes, puts it together to have stereoscopic vision

Question 5

what are optic radiations?

Answer 5

from LGB to primary visual cortex

Question 6

where is the primary visual cortex located and what Broadman area?

Answer 6

in the occipital lobe of the brain

-Broadman’s area 17

Question 7

where are the association areas of the primary visual cortex?

Answer 7

Bradman’s areas 18 and 19, surrounding primary area (17)

Question 8

what kind of organization does the primary visual cortex have?

Answer 8

retinotopic organization- point by point representation

Question 9

2 main arteries supplying the eye, orbit, and surrounding structures

Answer 9

1. internal carotid artery (ICA)

2. ophthalmic artery

Question 10

what is the origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA)?

Answer 10

starts as a bifurcation of the common carotid (at the level of the thyroid)

Question 11

where does the ICA enter the skull?

Answer 11

carotid foramen

Question 12

after the ICA enters the skull through the carotid foramen, where does it go?

Answer 12

it goes forward and medially through carotid canal and then vertical into the middle cranial fossa

Question 13

does the ICA go through the foramen lacerum?

Answer 13

no, it goes OVER the foramen lacerum

Question 14

what are the branches from the ICA?

Answer 14

• ophthalmic to the orbit

- branch to the brain (that splits into 2): anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery

Question 15

what is the origin of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 15

a branch off the ICA (At the level of the anterior clenoid)

Question 16

where does the ophthalmic enter the orbit?

Answer 16

through the optic foramen/ optic canal

Question 17

where is the ICA located compared to the optic nerve?

Answer 17

lateral and inferior

Question 18

what happens to the ophthalmic nerve as it enters the orbit?

Answer 18

it crosses up over the top of the optic nerve and goes to the medial side of the orbit

Question 19

how many branches does the ophthlamic give off and how many are to the orbital vs. ocular?

Answer 19

11 main branches
(-8 orbital branches
-3 ocular branches)

Question 20

list the 8 orbital branches of the ophthalmic artery:

Answer 20

1. lacrimal
2. supraorbital
3. muscular
4. anterior ethmoidal
5. posterior ethmoidal
6. medial palpebral
7. supratrochlear
8. dorsal nasal

Question 21

list the 3 ocular branches of the ophthalmic artery:

Answer 21

9. central retinal artery (CRA)
10. short posterior ciliary
11. long posterior ciliary

Question 22

what branch is the lacrimal and on what side is it located?

Answer 22

it is the 2nd branch off the ophthalmic and branching on the lateral side

Question 23

describe the path of the lacrimal artery

Answer 23

arises near optic foramen, passes anteriorly along superior border of LR muscle, then anteriorly to lacrimal gland, then passes through lacrimal gland

Question 24

what does the lacrimal artery supply?

Answer 24

the eyelids and conjunctiva of the eyelids (on the lateral side)

Question 25

list the branches of the lacrimal artery

Answer 25

- lateral palpebral - inferior and superior - zygomatics - muscular branches

Question 26

the lateral palpebral branch of the lacrimal artery supplies:

Answer 26

the upper eyelid and lower eyelid on lateral side

Question 27

the interior and superior branches of the lacrimal are called _____ and supplies the:

Answer 27

palpebral arcades | -will supply lateral eyelids

Question 28

what are the two zygomatic branches of the lacrimal artery and what do they supply?

Answer 28

- zygomatico-temporal and zygomatico-facial | - supply side of face

Question 29

muscular branches of the lacrimal artery supply:

Answer 29

the lateral rectus

Question 30

where does the supraorbital branch arise?

Answer 30

coming off the ophthalmic artery on medial side and crosses over optic nerve

Question 31

path of the supraorbital artery

Answer 31

will pass anteriorly along the medial border of SR muscle and levator, leaves the orbit through supraorbital notch to face and forehead

Question 32

what branches off the supraorbital and what does it supply?

Answer 32

- muscular branches: supply SR muscle and levator | - few branches to frontal bone

Question 33

what does the superior muscular artery branch supply?

Answer 33

- superior oblique - levator - superior rectus

Question 34

what does the inferior muscular artery branch supply?

Answer 34

- inferior rectus - inferior oblique - medial rectus

Question 35

what are the branches that come off the muscular artery branches of the rectus muscles called?

Answer 35

anterior ciliary arteries

Question 36

where does the anterior ethmoidal artery come off of, and where does it go through the skull?

Answer 36

comes off the medial side and goes into ethmoid bone via the anterior ethmoidal foramen

Question 37

what does the anterior ethmoidal artery supply?

Answer 37

blood to mucosal tissue in the anterior, medial, and frontal sinuses

Question 38

where does the small terminal branch of the anterior ethmoid go?

Answer 38

goes through a crack in the bone to the root of the nose to supply skin there

Question 39

which of the two ethmoidal arteries supplies less tissue?

Answer 39

posterior ethmoidal does not supply as much tissue

Question 40

what does the posterior ethmoidal artery supply?

Answer 40

the mucosa of the posterior ethmoidal sinus

Question 41

what do the 2 branches (upper and lower) of the medial palpebral artery supply?

Answer 41

the medial upper and lower eyelid | -they also form palpebral arcades

Question 42

what is the frontal terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 42

supratrochlear

Question 43

where does the supratrochlear leave the orbit?

Answer 43

above the medial palpebral ligament

Question 44

what does the supratrochlear supply?

Answer 44

superficial muscle of the forehead

Question 45

what is the other terminal branch of the ophthalmic?

Answer 45

dorsal nasal

Question 46

where does the dorsal nasal branch leave the orbit?

Answer 46

above the medial palpebral ligament

Question 47

what does the dorsal nasal branch supply?

Answer 47

to the skin at the root of the nose and the lacrimal sac area

Question 48

what artery is the 1st branch from the ophthalmic?

Answer 48

central retinal artery (CRA)

Question 49

where does the CRA penetrate?

Answer 49

penetrates into the optic nerve behind the globe about 10-15 mm (on the medial side of the optic nerve)

Question 50

where does the CRA come into the eye and what path does it take?

Answer 50

comes into posterior segment, to vitreous chamber, and then branches in the nerve fiber layer on the medial side of the optic nerve

Question 51

where does the CRA supply?

Answer 51

the inner half of the retina | bifurcates into sup. and inf. and so on

Question 52

how many short posterior ciliary arteries are there?

Answer 52

about 6-12

Question 53

what is the arrangement and location of the short posterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 53

arranged in a ring around the optic nerve about 3 mm away from the optic nerve

Question 54

path of the short posterior ciliary arteries

Answer 54

penetrates sclera, forms circle of zinn, goes into perichoroidal space

Question 55

what does the short posterior ciliary arteries supply?

Answer 55

the posterior half of the eye (will not go forward of the equator

Question 56

how many of the long posterior ciliary arteries are there?

Answer 56

2

Question 57

what is the arrangement and location of the long posterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 57

they pierce the sclera about 4mm away from the optic nerve on either side

Question 58

where does the long posterior ciliary arteries run and supply?

Answer 58

- run in perichoroidal space to the front of the eye | - contribute to major arterial circle of the iris (in ciliary body)