Lecture 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
what percent of BC is unceded?
95%
How do first nations people view health and wellness?
the human being is at the center and aspects of the environment impact mental health. there are rings of proximity so human being in the center, emotional, mental, spiritual, physical is next. Respect, relationships, responsibility wisdom is next. Then land, community, family, nations. Last, social, economic, environmental, cultural.
what are western European principles of wellness? (7)
cultural values:
- independence
-individual rights
- logic
- productivity (this is so bad for mental health)
- happiness as a goal
- secular (aka spiritual or religious)
- scientific support
What are the 4 aspects of psychopathology?
- behaviours
- thoughts
- emotions
- physiology
What is abnormal.
Is there a definition?
what do we use to explain abnormality?
- no consensus definition
- there are some clear elements of abnormality
What are the 5 elements of abnormality?
- subjective stress (psychological suffering)
- maladaptiveness (impairment in important areas of life like school, work, and relationships)
- violation of social norms (acting outside of cultural standards)
- irrationality or unpredictability (unexpected responses to stressors)
- dangerousness (dangerous to self or to others)
is any individual element sufficient to define and determine abnormality?
what is something to consider?
no
what is considered “deviant” changes as society changes.
How do we classify abnormality? (2 things) and which countries use which?
What is the biggest difference between these?
- american psychological association (US and Canada) DSM-5
- World Health organization (rest of world): ICD - 10
the ICD has more of a range and the DSM 5 is more categorical.
How does the DSM 5 define mental disorder? (3 connected elements)
- biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction that goes into a problem in behaviour, emotional regulation, or cognitive function, that goes into distress or disability, that goes into the first. Its a cycle/circle.
What is important to keep in mind when thinking about diagnostic classifications?
diagnostic classification systems classify disorders, not people.
What are some advantages of diagnostic classifications? (4 things)
allows us to structure information to:
- communicate (research and clinical settings)
- organize meaningfully (features of disorders)
- facilitate research (causes and treatment)
- define what counts as “abnormal”
What are some disadvantages of diagnostic classification?
- it can contradict the idea that everything is on a spectrum.
- there are social implications
(how does a society address mental illness? is there focus rehabilitation/treatment or confinement/ostracism?)
- there is stigma against people with mental illness
(how are peopl with Psych disorders treated differently when information is public? how does this impact housing, medical care, social relationships, employment prospects etc?)
- not being able to be classified can stop you from having care covered
I have a feeling she may ask something about how stigma is still a problem in Canada and way it is still a major problem.
According to surveys what is the disclosure rate of mental illness vs cancer? What is the impact of stigma on Canada as a country? How many people think that mental illness requires professional treatment?
cancer has a 72% disclosure
mental illness has 50% disclosure
impact: 30% of people think mental illness hurts the economy. this is way too low of an estimate because it has one of the biggest impacts on GDP.
82% of people think that mental illness requires a professional but about 40% of people would still try to deal with it themselves.
what is the prevalence of DSM-5 disorders?
- lifetime prevalence is at least 46%
many disorders begin in childhood or adolescence.
what is prevalence?
of active cases in population in a given period of time. expressed as percentages.
How do we help people with disorders?
understand the disorders and develop effective treatments
through research.
What should we do to avoid misconception and error?
adopt scientific attitude and approach to the study of abnormal behaviour. You don’t want your own bias to influence the results
what is true about research design and info when it comes to research?
good research design means good information.
What is good research design?
methods that distinguish between what is observable vs hypothetical or inferred.
what are 5 sources of information in studies?
- case studies
- direct observation
- self-report
(most of our measures are self-report which can be an issue because its subjective)
- implicit behaviour
(you measure this through things like implicit associations test)
-psychophysiological variables.
(like heart rate, skin conductance etc.)
What are inherent errors in research design?
- sex, gender, psychopathology
- most stuff looks at gender asa binary so we are missing a lot of information.
data is viewed as a binary.
we are missing a lot of information because we are missing a lot of truth. Also lots of things are self-report and we dont know the nuances of how everyone percieves what the questions are looking for.
when looking at sampling and generalization, who should researchers include in a study?
study participants should have the same behaviours,
should be similar to the population. This could mean the population in general or the population of people with the disorder. Basically whoever we are saying these findings will generalize to.
Should have lots of participants and they should be randomly selected.
to test hypotheses, researchers use a comparison group of people who: (2 things)
why?
do not exhibit the disorder
- are comparable in other major ways to the criterion group (people with the disorder) (AKA they are exaclty the same as the people in the other group but the difference is that they don’t have the disorder)
These restrictions are used to identify which behaviour is related only to the disorder.
