Lecture 1/26

Question 1

3-4 in uterus, the morula turns into the

Answer 1

blastocyst

Question 2

blastocyst cavity called

Answer 2

blastocoele

Question 3

blastocyst outer layer called

Answer 3

trophoblast (eventually becomes placenta)

Question 4

blastocyst inner layer called

Answer 4

inner cell mass, about 100 cells (embryo develops from this)

Question 5

blastocyst gets lodged onto ____ in first 3-4 days

Answer 5

endometrium

Question 6

what occurs in 2nd week

Answer 6

implantation, formation of 2 germ layers

Question 7

2nd week: inner cell mass develops to have a

Answer 7

cavity (called amniotic cavity)

Question 8

2nd week: lining of the cavity closer to trophoblast and then forms the

Answer 8

yolk sac

Question 9

amniotic cavity will become what germinal layer

Answer 9

ectoderm

Question 10

yolk sac will become what germinal layer

Answer 10

endoderm

Question 11

amniotic sac and yolk sac meet, and the layer is called

Answer 11

embryonic disk

Question 12

what occurs in the 3rd week

Answer 12

development of 3rd germinal layer (mesoderm)

Question 13

3rd week: mesoderm arrives from

Answer 13

embryonic disk

Question 14

tail and head of embryonic disk are called

Answer 14

tail: caudal end
head: cranial end

Question 15

midline of the embryonic disk called

Answer 15

primative streak

Question 16

where do mesodermal cells arise from

Answer 16

the primitive streak cells spreading out

Question 17

segmented mesoderm called

Answer 17

somites

Question 18

thickened ectoderm is called the

Answer 18

neural plate

Question 19

neural groove formed when

Answer 19

the neural plate’s edges start to curve up

Question 20

neural groove ->

Answer 20

neural fold

Question 21

neural folds keep growing and form a

Answer 21

neural tube

Question 22

neural tube cross section has 3 layers

Answer 22

1. ependymal layer

Question 23

neural tube ependymal layer is:

Answer 23

the inner most layer of non-specialized stem cells (cuboidal cells

Question 24

which layer has the highest rate of mitosis in the neural tube

Answer 24

ependymal layer

Question 25

neural tube mantle layer is:

Answer 25

nucleated cell layer which were formed in ependymal layer and migrated out

Question 26

which layer of the neural tube will eventually form the grey matter of the nervous system

Answer 26

mantle layer

Question 27

neural tube marginal layer is:

Answer 27

the outermost layer formed by extensions of fibrous processes from the mantle layer

Question 28

which layer of the neural tube will eventually become the white matter of the nervous system

Answer 28

marginal layer (when fibrous processes are myelinated)

Question 29

primary enlargements occurs after

Answer 29

closure of the head end (anterior end) of the neural tube

Question 30

3 divisions of the primary enlargements

Answer 30

1. forebrain 2. midbrain 3. hindbrain

Question 31

forebrain telencephalon becomes the

Answer 31

cerebrum

Question 32

forebrain diencephalon becomes the

Answer 32

eye

Question 33

4th week: neuro-ectoderm thickenings are called

Answer 33

optic primordia

Question 34

optic primordia will grow and form:

Answer 34

a pit called the optic pit

Question 35

optic pit deepens and makes a swelling which is called the

Answer 35

primary optic vesicle

Question 36

4th week midweek (day 25) area on primary optic vesicle starts to constrict and forms the

Answer 36

optic stalk

Question 37

the optic stalk space is continuous with

Answer 37

diencephalon

Question 38

the sides of the primary optic vesicle will become the

Answer 38

RPE

Question 39

the walls of the primary optic vesicle will become the

Answer 39

nervous retina

Question 40

the edges of the primary optic vesicle will become the

Answer 40

epithelium of the ciliary body and into the iris

Question 41

induction can lead to

Answer 41

induces surface ectoderm to form the lens placode

Question 42

surface ectoderm will contribute to what eye structures?

Answer 42

lacrimal gland, epithelium of conjunctiva, epithelium of the cornea, and the (epithelium, glands and cilia) of the eyelids

Question 43

primary optic vesicle invaginates in week 5 to form the

Answer 43

secondary optic vesicle (optic cup)

Question 44

inner wall of optic cup called

Answer 44

pars optica

Question 45

pars optica develops into

Answer 45

9 layers of the nervous retina

Question 46

inner wall starts at ___ and goes where

Answer 46

starts at optic stalk and goes peripherally

Question 47

anterior part of the optic cup is the

Answer 47

pars caeca

Question 48

pars caeca will develop into

Answer 48

epithelium of ciliary body and iris

Question 49

junction between pars caeca and pars optica will become the

Answer 49

ora serrata

Question 50

outer wall of the optic cup will become the

Answer 50

RPE

Question 51

defect in the optic cup called

Answer 51

choroidal fissure

Question 52

purpose of choroidal fissure

Answer 52

so mesoderm can migrate into optic cup and form the primary vitreous and so the hyaloid artery can grow into it

Question 53

lens pit forms the

Answer 53

lens vesicle

Question 54

week 6, lens vesicle turns into

Answer 54

ball of cells (to eventually become the lens)

Question 55

week6: choroidal fissure will

Answer 55

seal up, starting at the central optic stalk and goes both ways but CRA goes in before it fully closes

Question 56

defects of the choroidal fissure called

Answer 56

colobome

Question 57

vitreous cavity is filled with mesodermal cells which will form the

Answer 57

primary vitreous

Question 58

secondary vitreous is formed by

Answer 58

retina

Question 59

secondary vitreous does what to the primary vitreous

Answer 59

secondary surrounds primary and pushes it into a tube

Question 60

week 7 the RPE and nervous part of the retina do what

Answer 60

start to push together (this is a weak spot in the eye)

Question 61

week 7 importance

Answer 61

retinal organization into 9 layers

Question 62

week 8 importance

Answer 62

angle between stalks starts to decrease (down to 105 degrees)

Question 63

ependymal layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

Answer 63

outer neuroblsatic layer

Question 64

mantle layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

Answer 64

inner neuroblastic layer

Question 65

marginal layer becomes the ____ of the developing retina

Answer 65

fibrous layer

Question 66

outer neuroblastic layer develops into the

Answer 66

photoreceptors (rods and cones)

Question 67

inner aspect of the neuroblastic layer develops into the

Answer 67

bipolar and horizontal cells

Question 68

some cells migrate from neuroblastic layers

Answer 68

from outer neuroblastic to inner neuroblastic

Question 69

fibrous layer becomes the

Answer 69

nerve fiber layer

Question 70

optic nerve forms in the

Answer 70

optic stalk

Question 71

axons from the ganglion cells grow into the

Answer 71

optic stalk (starts 6th week and reach the brain by the 7th week)

Question 72

inner cells in the optic stalk are:

Answer 72

mesoderm

Question 73

outer cells in optic stalk are

Answer 73

glial cells that myelinated fibers

Question 74

connective tissue sheath becomes the dura by week

Answer 74

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