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Anatomy Lecture 1 Exam > Lecture 1 Exam > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following processes releases stored energy that can be used to power other processes?

A

Allowing a warm system to cool to environmental temperature.

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2
Q

Is it possible to disrupt the structure of a tissue without disrupting the structure of the cells that are in the tissue?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Many choice: Disrupting the structure of the kidney would dramatically interfere with which of the following processes?

A
  1. Maintaining blood sodium levels
  2. Maintaining body fluids
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4
Q

Are there structural differences between healthy humans and those suffering from diabetes mellitus? “Structural changes” refers to changes at any level of organization in the human body.

A

Yes

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5
Q

Many choice: Disrupting the structure of the femur would dramatically interfere with which of the following processes? Assume all other bones are intact.

A
  1. Moving the legs
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6
Q

Many choice: Disrupting the structure of the spinal cord would dramatically interfere with which of the following processes?

A
  1. Sensing changes in temperature in the toes
  2. Wiggling muscles in the toes
  3. Maintaining adequate blood flow to leg muscles
  4. Standing on one leg
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7
Q

If humans have no control over the movement of uranium, is it possible to maintain uranium homeostasis?

A

No

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8
Q

Many choice: Disrupting the structure of the lung would dramatically interfere with which of the following processes?

A
  1. Maintaining blood oxygen levels
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9
Q

Which of the following processes releases stored energy that can be used to power other processes?

A

Allowing a cool system to warm to environmental temperature.

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10
Q

Many choice: Humans maintain homeostasis of which of the following variables?

A
  1. Blood pH
  2. Blood glucose
  3. Blood oxygen levels
  4. Blood sodium levels
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11
Q

Carbohydrates contain

A

C-C bonds, O-H bonds, and C-H bonds

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12
Q

If you need a solution to conduct electricity, which of the following molecules would you choose?

A

A molecule with ionic bonds

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13
Q

Many choice: If a chemical binds to a protein, which of the following would you expect to occur?

A
  1. The protein would change shape
  2. The protein would change function
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14
Q

Glucose dissolves in water because

A

O-H bonds form hydrogen bonds with water

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15
Q

Many choice: Sources of chemical potential energy in the body include

A
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Protein
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16
Q

Does a solution that contains water and dissolved sodium chloride conduct electricity?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Imagine a solution containing only water, sodium, and glucose. If a voltage is applied to the solution, glucose would move

A

There would be no net movement of glucose

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18
Q

Does a solution that contains only water and glucose conduct electricity?

A

No

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19
Q

The inside of a cell contains several buffers. These buffers help ensure that

A

pH inside the cell remains stable when extracellular pH changes

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20
Q

Sodium chloride dissolves in water because

A

Water is polar so that partial negative charges stabilize positive ions while partial positive charges stabilize negative ions.

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21
Q

How would adding acid to a non-buffered solution be most likely to affect protein structure?

A

Adding acid would disrupt the secondary and tertiary structure of the protein

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22
Q

If a red blood cell is placed in a very dilute solution, what will happen

A

The cell will burst

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23
Q

If a concentration gradient is held constant, what is the most direct way to change the rate of osmosis across a cell membrane?

A

By changing the concentration of aquaporins in cell membranes

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24
Q

Moving sodium out of a cell

A

Requires input of energy

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25
Which of the following could move two ions of the same charge in different directions?
electrical forces
26
Moving potassium into a cell would
Require energy input
27
Enzymes
Lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
28
Glucose moves across the plasma membrane of a fat cell by
Facilitated diffusion
29
Mitochondria are most closely associated with
ATP synthesis
30
All hyperosmotic solutions are hypertonic.
False
31
Blood is
connective tissue
32
Which of the following tissue types includes cells specialized to communicate with distant parts of the body?
Nervous tissue
33
The lungs are lined with
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
34
Which of the following protein fibers resist stretch, but provide flexibility?
Collagen
35
Tissue that contains few cells and more extracellular protein fibers than ground substance
Dense connective tissue
36
Functional characteristics of this tissue are due to the structure of the extracellular matrix.
Connective tissue
37
Food is ingested in the mouth, but not absorbed (for our purposes, assume no absorption even though this isn’t completely accurate). The mouth is most likely lined with
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
38
Tissue specialized to produce force
Muscle tissue
39
One side of epithelium is always free
true
40
The tissue in the heart that generates pressure is composed of
Muscle tissue
41
Which of the following is an example of a system at equilibrium?
A system in which the temperature equals environmental temperature.
42
Referring to the human body, which of the following statements is accurate?
Function follows form, i.e., the shape of a structure determines its function.
43
Which of the following protein fibers stretch and store energy?
Elastic fibers
44
The structural properties of epithelial tissue are primarily due to the structure of
1. Ground substance in the tissue 2. The cells that make up the tissue
45
Where would you find the blood supply for epithelial cells?
In the connective tissue deep to the epithelium
46
Which of the following can have the consistency of a viscous gel (kind of like snot)? Group of answer choices
The ground substance of connective tissue proper
47
Insulin receptors are glucose transporters
False
48
Many choice: Which of the following reactions can occur rapidly in the presence of an enzyme catalyst? Group of answer choices
1. An endergonic chemical reaction in the presence of ATP 2. An exergonic chemical in the presence of ATP 3. An exergonic chemical reaction without ATP or any other energy source
49
Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach. The pH of the stomach can be as low as 1-2. In order for pepsin to break down protein in a solution with a starting pH of 7.4, you must Group of answer choices
Add Acid
50
If pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, will injected insulin lower blood glucose
Yes
51
A "gradient" occurs when one area is different from another. Which of the following requires the input of energy?
Create a gradient
52
Humans have proteins that change shape in the presence of blood glucose
True
53
A gene is
A segment of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence in a protein
54
Which of the following contains no blood vessels?
Epithelial tissue
55
Which of the following cell types maintains the extracellular matrix in connective tissue proper?
Fibroblasts
56
Which of the following best describes dense connective tissue? Group of answer choices
Tissue that consists mostly of extracellular matrix and has more protein fibers than ground substance
57
Which of the following would be most detrimental to a cell’s survival?
4 defective genes involved in the production of ATP
58
Glucose does not simply diffuse through a cell’s plasma membrane because Group of answer choices
Glucose is polar, but a cell’s plasma membrane is not
59
Disrupting the structure of the skin would directly interfere with which of the following processes?
1. Defending against pathogens 2. Maintaining steady body fluid levels
60
Many choice: Disrupting the structure of the small intestine would directly interfere with which of the following processes?
1. Maintaining blood sodium levels 2. Maintaining steady body fluids
61
Imagine a beaker of water into which we place two drops of red food coloring and one drop of blue food coloring. The drops land in different places on the surface of the water. The concentration gradient acting on the red molecules would be
Stronger than on the blue molecules, but in a different direction
62
Many choice: Which of the following usually dissolves well in water?
1. Carbs 2. Ions
63
If a concentration gradient moves an ion in one direction and an electrical force moves an ion in the opposite direction,
The ion could move in either direction depending on the strength of gradients.
64
When blood glucose climbs, the sensor for the change is in the
pancreas
65
From rest, if we allow only potassium to cross a cell’s membrane, the cell would get
more negative
66
The action of steroid receptors would be _____________ that the action of a neurotransmitter that directly opens ion channels in a cell’s plasma membrane Group of answer choices
Slower than
67
Which of the following makes up articular cartilage that reduces friction in joints? Group of answer choices Fibrocartilage Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage
Hyaline
68
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
Maintaining higher extracellular sodium concentrations than intracellular. ("Extracellular" means outside a cell. "Intracellular" means inside a cell.)
69
Many choice: Endergonic chemical reactions occur in the body because Enzymes catalyze the reaction. Enzymes can capture energy stored in chemical bonds (like ATP). Enzymes can change shape
1. Enzymes catalyze the reaction 2. Enzymes can capture energy stored in chemical bonds
70
Translation is the name for a process in which An RNA template is converted to DNA An RNA template is used to assemble proteins from amino acids A DNA template is used to form a complimentary strand of messenger RNA A DNA template is used to form a complimentary protein A DNA template is used to form a complimentary lipid
An RNA template is used to assemble proteins from amino acids
71
Which of the following processes occurs first in the production of insulin? Group of answer choices
Formation of secretory vesicles
72

Anatomy Lecture 1 Exam (1 decks)

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