Lecture #1 - Race & Ethnicity Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture #1 - Race & Ethnicity Deck (19)
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1
Q

Define Race

A

• “Race” has been historically defined in terms of
physical or genetic characteristics
• No real biological referent
• A socially constructed category

2
Q

Define Ethnicity

A
  • The term has roots in the Greek word ethos and means “people”
  • Ethnicity was believed to be historical product that developed in a shared environment
  • Binary notions of self and other were central to european Enlightenment thinkers
  • Monopolistic closure
3
Q

What are Ethnic institutions ?

A

Ethnic institutions sites or social spaces where ethnic identity is maintained overtime

4
Q

What is Institutional competedness

A

the extent an ethnic group in society forms organizations or voluntary institutions by and for members

5
Q

Large numbers of organizations imply

A

high levels institutional completeness for the ethnic groups

6
Q

Diachronic dimensions of ethnicity include

A

the ancestry, homeland, culture associated with an ethnic groups

7
Q

Synchronic dimensions is

A

described by others to the group

8
Q

Always an internal conflict with ________ and also external where it ___________ (in terms of Diachronic and synchronic dimensions of ethnicity)

A

what it means to be part of the group, it has to resonate as a social reality

9
Q

Define culture

A

dynamic social processes and practices; collective response of socially constituted individuals to their ever-changing external conditions (a lot of social constructs goes into culture)

10
Q

Define assimilation

A

presses where members of ethnic groups are incorporated into the dominant culture of society

11
Q

Monopolistic closure means

A

processes and practices, often
institutionalized, whereby members of the in-group have
access to scarce valuable resources, whereas non-members
(the out-group) are excluded

12
Q

In terms of Ethnicity, who & what were the two thinkers and their arguments

A

1) Weber & Durkehim

Weber:
-even if cultural differences do not really exist, belief in their existence can develop in group-forming
powers.
-argued thatd religion, seen as an ideological system of
symbols, is an essential part of culture and a strong source of group solidarity

Durkehim:
-used the concept of collective consciousness as a
primary source of identity formation

13
Q

Collective ethnic identity refers to

A

the existence of a
certain consensus within the group about what
constitutes it as such and differentiates it from other
groups

14
Q

Individual ethnic identity refers to

A

the relationship of

individuals to their own ethnic collectivity

15
Q

What is scientific racism

A
  • Scientific racism is completely discredited (pseudo science) minimal genetic variation across and within what were mis-identified as “races”
  • Scientific racism reached its peek in Nazi Germany
16
Q

Define “Racialization”

A

social practices where “social relations among people are structured by human biological
characteristics to define and construct differentiated social collectivities

-emphasizes the social construct of “Race”

17
Q

How is “Racialization” used?

A

as a way of challenging the idea that race is an objectively measurable aspect of human differences

18
Q

Ethnicity and “race” are historically specific because…

A

they mean different things to different people at different times

19
Q

What is the difference between race and ethnicity

A

• Ethnicity is usually associated with people’s cultural
characteristics, while “race” is an irrational way of dividing
human populations into groups