Lecture 10

Question 1

what phylums make up the superphylum ecdysozoa

Answer 1

arthopoda and nematoda

Question 2

what phylums do not moult their cuticle

Answer 2

ecdysozoa
- arthropoda
- nematoda

Question 3

what phylums do moult their cuticle

Answer 3

annelida

Question 4

what group is made up of ecdysozoa and lophotrochozoa

Answer 4

protostomia

Question 5

what phylums make up lophotrochozoa

Answer 5

• mollusca
• annelida
• rotifera
• platyhelminthes

Question 6

what phylums make up deuterstomia

Answer 6

• chordata
• hemichordata
• echonodermata

Question 7

what phylums make up protostomia

Answer 7

ecdysozoa
- arthropoda
- nemotoda

lophotrochozoa
- mollusca
- annelida
- rotifera
- plathelminthes

Question 8

based on the germ layers of a nematoda, how are they classified

Answer 8

pseudocoelomates

Question 9

where does the phylum nematoda live

Answer 9

nearly every environment
- marine, freshwater, soil
- free living and parasitic
- tropical to polar

Question 10

what is the respiratory sytem of phylum nematoda

Answer 10

it does not have one

Question 11

what is the circulatory system of phylum nematoda

Answer 11

it does not have one

Question 12

based on the muscles of nematoda and annelida, what is the biggest difference

Answer 12

• annelida has circular muscles
• nematoda does not

Question 13

what are the bands of muscle tissue in a nematoda

Answer 13

• 2 dorsal
• 2 ventral

Question 14

how are the muscles of nematoda innervated

Answer 14

with nerve cords

Question 15

what provides structure to nematoda

Answer 15

uses pseudocoelom as a hydrostatic skeleton

Question 16

what is ecdysis

Answer 16

the shedding of the outer layer to make room for growth

Question 17

what is the exoskeleton of arthropods made of

Answer 17

chitin

Question 18

what is metamerism

Answer 18

being made up of segments

Question 19

what are tagmata

Answer 19

functional groups of metamers

Question 20

what is the body structure of arthropods

Answer 20

• organ systems
• hard exoskeleton
• metamerism fused into tagmata
• modified appendages

Question 21

what are the subphylums of arthropods

Answer 21

• crustacea
• hexapoda
• chelicerata
• myriapoda

Question 22

crustacea: aquatic or terrestrial?

Answer 22

mostly aquatic

Question 23

crustacea: number of walking legs?

Answer 23

8 or more

Question 24

crustacea: number of antennae?

Answer 24

4
2 pairs

Question 25

hexapoda: aquatic or terrestrial?

Answer 25

mostly terrestrial

Question 26

hexapoda: number of walking legs?

Answer 26

6

Question 27

hexapoda: number of antennae?

Answer 27

2 1 pair

Question 28

chelicerata: aquatic or terrestrial?

Answer 28

either

Question 29

chelicerata: number of walking legs?

Answer 29

8

Question 30

chelicerata: number of antennae?

Answer 30

none (lost them)

Question 31

myriapoda: aquatic or terrestrial?

Answer 31

mostly terrestrial

Question 32

myriapoda: number of walking legs?

Answer 32

18 or more

Question 33

myriapoda: number of antennae?

Answer 33

2 1 pair

Question 34

what is the most abundant and diverse phylum of animals?

Answer 34

arthropoda

Question 35

what is the typical diet for myriapoda

Answer 35

mostly detritivores

Question 36

what is a detritivore

Answer 36

organism which consumes decaying material

Question 37

what are chelicerae

Answer 37

modified mouthparts of chelicerates which may contain or be connected to venom glands

Question 38

what is the extinct arthropod subphylum

Answer 38

trilobita

Question 39

what is the exoskeleton of arthropods called

Answer 39

cuticle

Question 40

what are the layers of the cuticle in arthropoda

Answer 40

- epicuticle - procuticle

Question 41

what are the sublayers of the procuticle in the cuticle of arthropods

Answer 41

- exocuticle - endocuticle

Question 42

name the layers (including sublayers) of the cuticle in arthropods in order of most external to internal

Answer 42

- epicuticle - exocuticle - endocuticle

Question 43

what is directly below the cuticle of arthropods

Answer 43

epidermis

Question 44

what is the epicuticle in arthropods

Answer 44

the thin outer layer of the cuticle composed of proteins and lipids

Question 45

what is the procuticle in arthropods

Answer 45

thick inner layer contains chitin

Question 46

what is it called when arthropods undergo moulting

Answer 46

ecdysis

Question 47

what are the steps of ecdysis

Answer 47

1. premoult (old procuticle separates from the epidermis. epidermis creates a new epicuticle) 2. premoult (epidermis secretes new exocuticle and enzymes that digest old endocuticle and reabsorb its components) 3. ecdysis (old epicuticle and exocuticle are shed) 4. postmoult (new cuticle is stretched and unfolded. new endocuticle is secreted)

Question 48

which layer of the cuticle in arthropods contains the most chitin

Answer 48

endocuticle

Question 49

ecdysis is a shared trait among what superphylum

Answer 49

ecdysozoa

Question 50

what is metamorphosis

Answer 50

a drastic change in form that occurs after embryonic development

Question 51

how frequent is is metamorphosis in arthropods

Answer 51

many but not all

Question 52

what are the tagmata of hexapods

Answer 52

- head - thorax - abdomen

Question 53

what are the tagmata of chelicerates

Answer 53

- cephalothorax - abdomen

Question 54

what are the tagmata of myriapods

Answer 54

- head - trunk

Question 55

what are the tagmata of crustaceans

Answer 55

- cephalothorax - abdomen

Question 56

what does the name arthropod mean

Answer 56

jointed legs

Question 57

what are the types of branching in arthropod appendages

Answer 57

uniramous or biramous

Question 58

what are insect wings composed of

Answer 58

outgrowths made of cuticle from the body wall of the thorax

Question 59

what is it called when insects have two pairs of wings

Answer 59

true flies, diptera

Question 60

how are wing movements controlled in insects

Answer 60

highly coordinated muscle contraction in the thorax

Question 61

insects have two arrangments of flight patterns. what is arrangement 1 (e.g. cockroaches)

Answer 61

- indirect flight muscles contract (on the inside), elevating wings - direct muscles (on the outside) contract, lowering wings

Question 62

insects have two arrangments of flight patterns. what is arrangement 2 (e.g. flies and bees)

Answer 62

- indirect flight muscles (outside), elevating wings - longitudinal muscles (dorsal) contract, deforming dorsal cuticle, lowering wings

Question 63

what are the mouthparts of chelicerata

Answer 63

chelicerae

Question 64

what are the mouthparts of hexapoda

Answer 64

mandibles

Question 65

what are the moutparts of crustacea

Answer 65

mandibles

Question 66

what are the mouthparts of myriapoda

Answer 66

mandibles