Lecture 10 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 10 Deck (32)
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1
Q

What will the upcoming mars rover do?

A

It will collect dust samples and safely store them to find remnants of microbial life

2
Q

What method will the new mars rover use?

A

Raman Spectroscopy

3
Q

How does Raman spectroscopy work?

A

It uses shifts in scattered light to identify materials

4
Q

What is the brute-force method of seeing what’s in the center of the earth?

A

Drilling

5
Q

What are the two different kinds of waves and their differences?

A

P waves (side to side) and S waves (up and down)

6
Q

What is sound?

A

A p wave

7
Q

How does seismic waves allow us to determine what the earth’s center looks like?

A

The way some are diverted suggests a solid core with a liquid outer core and a solid crust

8
Q

What are the three pieces of inside the Earth, in order of density?

A

Core, Mantle, Crust

9
Q

How did the inside of the core become layered?

A

Via differentiation, where gravity pulls the heavier materials down and allows the lighter ones to rise up

10
Q

What does it take for an object to become spherical?

A

About 500 km and 1 Gyr

11
Q

What experiment demonstrated that rock was not totally immutable?

A

The pitch-drop experiment

12
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The planet’s outer layer of cool, rigid rock

13
Q

What is the primary drive behind geological activity?

A

Interior heat

14
Q

Why do planets have interior heat?

A

Accretion (energy upon impact), Differentiation (change in angular momentum), Radioactive decay

15
Q

What is the only ongoing source of heat?

A

Radioactive decay

16
Q

What three things allow planetary interiors to cool off?

A

Convection, Conduction, and radiation

17
Q

How does planet size control geology?

A

Larger planets stay hotter longer

18
Q

How does a magnetic field generate geology?

A

It is created by interior heat, and keeps the atmosphere intact

19
Q

How are magnetic fields generated?

A

By the motion of charged particles

20
Q

What are the three names that cause a magnetic field?

A

Ampere’s Law, Faraday’s Law, Lorenz’s force

21
Q

What are the four processes that shape planetary surfaces?

A

Impact cratering, erosion, volcanism, tectonics

22
Q

How large are craters formed?

A

About 10x the size of the object

23
Q

What shape are craters?

A

Mostly circular

24
Q

what kinds of craters can you find on earth?

A

All three kinds

25
Q

Where is the largest crater?

A

Rheasilvia on Vesta

26
Q

What are the three kinds of volcanoes?

A

Plains (runniest), Shield (runny), Strato (not very runny)

27
Q

Is the entire mantle of the Earth lava?

A

No, just a few choice spots

28
Q

What is outgassing?

A

Responsible for much of our atmosphere, when a volcano releases a bunch of gas from underground

29
Q

How do we get valleys and mountains?

A

BY stretching and compressing of tectonic plates

30
Q

How do craters reveal a geological age?

A

Most craters happened way in the past, so fewer craters mean a surface is new, and many craters means a surface is ol

31
Q

Why do larger (warmer) planets have newer surfaces?

A

Tectonics, erosion, outgassing, and volcanism are all more likely

32
Q

What affects how much geology there is?

A

Heat, distance from sun, presence of water, faster rotation