Lecture 10

Question 1

Three major mineral horizons

Answer 1

A, B, and C

Question 2

an A horizon disturbed by human activities

Answer 2

Ap

Question 3

an A horizon enriched with organic matter with a dark colour and granular structure.

Answer 3

Ah

Question 4

an A horizon characterized by the elevation of clay, organic matter, iron, or aluminum alone or in combination.

Answer 4

Ae

Question 5

a B horizon enriched with clay

Answer 5

Bt

Question 6

a B horizon minimally altered by pedogenic processes to give a change in colour or structure, or both.

Answer 6

Bm

Question 7

a B horizon in which both clay and sodium (Na) has accumulated.

Answer 7

Bnt

Question 8

a C horizon enriched with carbonates

Answer 8

Cca

Question 9

Organic horizons on well-drained sites

Answer 9

1. ) L (Litter)
2. ) F (Fermented)
3. ) H (Humic)

Question 10

Organic horizons on well drained sites: L (Litter)

Answer 10

Undecomposed residues.

Question 11

Organic horizons on well drained sites: F (Fermented)

Answer 11

Partially decomposed residues

Question 12

Organic horizons on well drained sites: H (Humic)

Answer 12

Decomposed organic matter

Question 13

Organic horizons on poorly-drained sites.

Answer 13

1. ) Of (Fibric)
2. ) Om (Mesic)
3. ) Oh (Humic)

Question 14

Organic horizons on poorly-drained sites: of (fabric)

Answer 14

high in relatively undecomposed, fibrous material

Question 15

Organic horizons on poorly-drained sites: Om (mesic)

Answer 15

high in less fibrous material (intermediate decomposition)

Question 16

Organic horizons on poorly-drained sites: Oh (humic)

Answer 16

dominated by well decomposed organic residues

Question 17

Soils are classifies as either _____ or _____

Answer 17

1. ) Mineral soil

2. ) Organic soil

Question 18

Chernozemic soil

Answer 18

Develops on grasslands. Diagnostic horizon = Ah, Ap, and Ahe.

Question 19

Solonetzic soil

Answer 19

Develops on sodium-rich parent material. Diagnostic horizon = Bn or Bnt

Question 20

Gleysolic Soil

Answer 20

Occur on wet and poorly drained areas. Diagnostic horizon = Bg or Cg.

Question 21

Vertisolic Soil

Answer 21

Develop on glacial lacustrine parent material (clay). Diagnostic horizon = Css, Can and Bv.

Question 22

Luvisolic Soil

Answer 22

Develops in forest. Diagnostic horizon = Bt.

Question 23

Podzolic Soil

Answer 23

Develops in forests with acidic parent material. Diagnostic horizon = bf or Bh.

Question 24

Brunisolic Soil

Answer 24

Forest soil order. Diagnostic horizon = Bm.

Question 25

Regosolic Soil

Answer 25

Usually on landforms with unstable surface. No recognizable B horizon.

Question 26

Organic Soil

Answer 26

Wetland soils in forested regions.