Lecture 11 - Glacifluvial processes

Question 1

Livingstone et al (2010)

Answer 1

kame topography forms a composite landscape consisting of flat topped mounds, ridges and hollows that evolve when large quantities of sediment are reworked by englacial and supra glacial drainage networks during the final retreat of ice

Kame plateaus (flat topped mounds) are the product of deposition in ice walled lake plains or supra glacial ponds 
--> collect sequences of heavily disturbed and stratified sediments and mass flow deposits

Question 2

Living stone et al (2010) Brampton Kame belt

Answer 2

Brampton Kame belt and Pennine Escarpment meltwater channel system
- one of the largest glaciofluvial complexes in the UK

landform and sediment assemblages, associated with a suite of MW channels

topographic inversion led to the extensive re-working of sediments, with vertical collapse (associated with the melt out of dead ice) and debris flows causing partial disintegration of the morphology

landforms = series of kettle holes, discontinuous ridges (eskers) and ice-walled lake plains (flat topped hills)

formed during stagnation of ice

Question 3

Miall (1977)

Answer 3

braided river depositional environment

several+ channels which carry coarse material
non specific to G environments

Question 4

Russel et al (2001)

Answer 4

Skiõarárjökull = ice walled channel which occupied an inter-lobate location, which acted as a focus for meltwater during the November 1996 Jokulhaulp

ice wall channel was sculpted into the active snout glacier