Lecture 11 - Parasitology

Question 1

What are the 3 ways that a parasite exists with their host?

Answer 1

Symbiotic, Commensalism, Infectious

Question 2

Types of Enteric Protozoa

Answer 2

Giardia intestinalis
Entamoeba histolytica
Dientamoeba fragilis
Crytosporidium parvum & hominis
Cyclospora cayetanesis

Question 3

How do we typically obtain enteric protozoa?

Answer 3

From contaminated food

Question 4

What is the difference between a cyst form and a trophozoite form?

Answer 4

Cysts are the infective form while trophozoites are the active form

Question 5

How is E. Protozoa diagnosed?

Answer 5

From examination of the stool

Question 6

Are E. Protozoa pathogenic/infectious?

Answer 6

YES! However, we don’t usally have symptoms/get sick.

Question 7

What is the transmission of E. Protozoa most commonly associated with?

Answer 7

Foreign travel and campling

Question 8

What is unique about they symptoms of E. Protozoa

Answer 8

They are usually prolonged or recurrent

Question 9

Where does G. Intestinalis infect?

Answer 9

The duodenum

Question 10

Why is G. Intestinalis so common?

Answer 10

Found in water supply and is resistant to chlorination in the treatment. Must use iodine or UV light to kill

Question 11

What size is G. Intestinalis

Answer 11

SOOOO SMALL. Need 5 stool samples to rule out infection

Question 12

What are a few symptoms of G. Intestinalis

Answer 12

Soft stool, weight loss and the possibility of becoming lactose intolerance

Question 13

What is the most common symptom of Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 13

Blood stool & diarrhea

Question 14

How is E. Histolytica diagnosed?

Answer 14

Through a blood test

Question 15

What is a unique feature about Dientamoeba fragilis that no other enteric protozoa exhibit?

Answer 15

Does not have a cyst form

Question 16

What is D. Fragilis transmitted by?

Answer 16

Through pinworm eggs (child worms)

Question 17

What is unique about D. Fragilis’ nuclei?

Answer 17

TWO NUCLEI! Also in a cross section to form into 4 sections

Question 18

How infectious is Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis

Answer 18

Extremely! Only need a little to cause massive infection

Question 19

Where is cryptosporidium parvum/hominis most commonly found

Answer 19

Public pools, spas, splash pads etc

Question 20

How is crypto diagnosed?

Answer 20

Using acid fast staining

Question 21

What is the most common form of transmission for cyclospora cayetanensis

Answer 21

Imported fruit transmission

Question 22

How is cyclospora diagnosed?

Answer 22

Acid fast stains

Question 23

What are the types of Blood & Tissue Parasites?

Answer 23

Plasmodium
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania
Trypanosoma
Free living ameboe

Question 24

What is the more common name for plasmodium?

Answer 24

Malaria

Question 25

How is plasmodium transmitted?

Answer 25

Through mosqitos

Question 26

Why is plasmodium so lethal?

Answer 26

Bacterium gets into liver within 30 minutes

Question 27

Why is there no malaria vaccine?

Answer 27

Bacterium moves too quickly, gets to the liver before vaccine can act

Question 28

What causes fever in malaria?

Answer 28

The release of merozoites

Question 29

What is the most common symptom of plasmodium falciparum?

Answer 29

Constant fever

Question 30

How does plasmodium falciparum kill?

Answer 30

It eats away at the bone marrow and kills RBCs

Question 31

What is the most common symptom of plasmodium vivax?

Answer 31

Fever every 49 hours

Question 32

What does plasmodium vivax attack?

Answer 32

Young RBC

Question 33

What is the most common symptom of toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 33

Mostly asymptomatic unless immunocompromised

Question 34

What are the 4 forms of leishmaniasis?

Answer 34

Cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral, and sand fly inoculating a promastigotes

Question 35

What is the main symptom of leishamaniasis?

Answer 35

Huge malformations all over the body

Question 36

How is leishmaniasis diagnoised?

Answer 36

Biopsy or PCR

Question 37

What are the two forms of trypanosomiasis and where in the world are they most commonly found?

Answer 37

Cruzi - south america | Brucei - africa

Question 38

How is Chagas disease transmitted?

Answer 38

By the kissing bug!

Question 39

How does the kissing bug infect?

Answer 39

Comes out at night from living in ur crib and bites your eye filling up on blood. Becomes so large that it shits on you and then you rub the poopy in ur eye and get infection

Question 40

What is unique about african sleeping sickness transmission?

Answer 40

Bug is attracted to humans by sight, not chemicals. aka, repellent doesn't work