Lecture 13 & 14 - Marine Mammals Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 13 & 14 - Marine Mammals Deck (19)
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1
Q

Give six key points on marine mammals

A

> Veterbre, well developed CNS and brain + potential 2 way communication
Warm blooded - homoeostatic control, maintenance of core temp
Give birth to live young
Feeds young with milk from mammary glands (wheening)
Breath air (adaptations)
Epidermis with hair (may be reduced)

2
Q

Give four adaptations of marine mammals

A

> Swim, including diving for long peroids to depths
Control their core body temp
Come to the surface to breath air
Give birth to live young and suckle them

Adaptations between organisms vary greatly from mammal to mammal

3
Q

Give the four orders of marine mammals and some examples

A

> Pinnipeds - seal, fur seals, walruses
Carnivora - Polar bear, sea otter
Sirenians - Manatees and dugong
Ceatceans - Whales and Dolphins

4
Q

What is the name for seals in latin and of which family is it from? how many types are there

A

Name = Phocidae (seals)
Family = Pinnipeds
18 types

5
Q

4 key features of a Phocidae

A

> Internal ear with no external features
Clawed front flippers
Walk only on front flippers
Swim with hind flippers

6
Q

Explain the distributions of Phocidae and the two key environments and associated risks

A

Mainly polar!
>Arctic seals - have a greater range of threats from humans (fishing) and predation (killer whales)
>Antarctic seals - Reduced predation (leapord seal) and reduced effects from us (pollution reduced etc..)

7
Q

What are the two warm species of seals

A

Med monk seal

Hawian monk seal

8
Q

What are adaptations of phocidae to temperatures

A

> Blubber, high insulating and rich source of energy (wheening)
Caoillaries in blubber and skin constrict (vasoconstriction) to reduce blood flow to periphery

9
Q

Explain the diving ability of seals

A

Can hold their breath for ages due to high oxygen store in body tissues as well as Bradychardua - which is slowing of the heart, cardiac output reduced by 20%

10
Q

What is the important of lactate dehydrogenase

A

It stops of the build up of toxins due to lack of oxygen ( why muscles ache )

11
Q

Explain reproduction in phocidae

A

I stud can mate with 30/40 through sexual reproduction (nice). Give birth on land and young develop real quick. Feed young from mammary glad which is 40 -50% fat.

12
Q

How can wheening depend on other biotic factors

A

If they are prime pray for killer whale / leapord sea then they will wheen quicker

13
Q

Name the 6 types of Arctic seals (fuck the latin names)

A
Ringed
Bearded
Harp
Hooded
Spotted
Ribbon
14
Q

Name the 4 types of antartic seals (no latin names)

A

Crabeater
Weddell
Lepoard
Ross

15
Q

What do seals feed upon in the arctic

A

Mostly fish (mainly cod) shrimps and squid, bearded seal feeds on benthic organisms

16
Q

What do seals feed on in the antarctic

A

Apart from the leopard seal (apex) feed on krill. Lepoard seal feeds upon smaller seals and fish

17
Q

What is special to the crab eater seal

A

It has specially adapted teeth (most special in marine) which is a series of fine spites for sieving out krill

18
Q

What is the difference from fur seals to seals (3)

A

> Ears extend out of the head
Front flippers are longer and used for swimming
Can walk on land using both rear and front flippers

19
Q

What are the differences between sea lions and fur seals (2)

A

Sea lion = rounded snout, short fur

Fur Seals = Long snout, long fur