Lecture 14 Ai

Question 2

What are the three parts of a building?

Answer 2

Superstructure, substructure, and foundation system

Question 3

What is a foundation?

Answer 3

The lower part of a building that supports the weight of the structure and transmits it to the ground

Question 4

What materials are typically used for foundations?

Answer 4

• Concrete
• Masonry
• Combination of both

Question 5

What are shallow foundations used for?

Answer 5

Buildings with light loads

Question 6

What do deep foundations consist of?

Answer 6

• Driven piles
• Drilled shafts
• Auger-cast piles

Question 7

What is a combined foundation?

Answer 7

A combination of shallow and deep foundations

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of a footing?

Answer 8

To distribute the superimposed load on a large area of the soil

Question 9

What are continuous wall footings also known as?

Answer 9

Strip footings

Question 10

Fill in the blank: A _______ footing is used where the superimposed load is a point load.

Answer 10

Isolated

Question 11

What is a combined footing used for?

Answer 11

Where two or more adjacent columns are closely spaced and heavily loaded

Question 12

What are the three types of monolithic concrete foundations?

Answer 12

• Slab-on-ground foundation
• Mat foundation
• Raft foundation

Question 13

What is a slab-on-ground foundation?

Answer 13

A widely used monolithic foundation system for low-rise buildings

Question 14

What is a mat foundation used for?

Answer 14

Where the bearing capacity of the soil is low

Question 15

What is a raft foundation also known as?

Answer 15

Floating foundation

Question 16

What are deep-foundation systems made of?

Answer 16

• Piles
• Drilled piers

Question 17

What is the difference between a friction pile and an end-bearing pile?

Answer 17

• Friction pile: Resists loads by skin friction
• End-bearing pile: Resists loads by end bearing

Question 18

What are caissons?

Answer 18

Concrete cylinders poured into drilled holes

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Piles are driven into the _______.

Answer 19

Earth

Question 20

What materials are used for concrete piles?

Answer 20

• Precast concrete
• Solid concrete

Question 21

What type of coating is used for steel piles in corrosive environments?

Answer 21

Protective coatings

Question 22

What is a helical pile?

Answer 22

A type of screw pile that transfers loads from shallow footing to stronger underlying stratum

Question 23

What is the function of a pile cap?

Answer 23

Functions like an isolated column footing or continuous strip footing under a wall

Question 24

What is ignored for piles driven in weak soils?

Answer 24

The end reaction from tip bearing

This is due to the weak soil conditions not providing adequate support.

Question 25

How do the cross-section sizes of piles compare to drilled piers?

Answer 25

Piles are smaller in cross-section than drilled piers ## Footnote This size difference affects load capacities.

Question 26

How many piles are typically used in a cluster for weak soils?

Answer 26

Three ## Footnote This clustering helps to increase load capacity.

Question 27

What is the function of a pile cap?

Answer 27

Functions like an isolated column footing or a continuous strip footing under a wall ## Footnote This helps distribute loads from the structure to the piles.

Question 28

What does a single friction pile do with its load?

Answer 28

Transmits its load into the earth as an equal shear pressure along the bulb profile ## Footnote The bulb profile is indicated by a dotted line in diagrams.

Question 29

What happens as the size of the pile cluster increases?

Answer 29

The piles act together to create a single larger bulb of higher pressure ## Footnote This bulb reaches deeper into the ground, affecting load distribution.

Question 30

What is the effect of a building with many closely spaced clusters of piles?

Answer 30

Creates a very large, deep bulb ## Footnote This can lead to increased load capacity but requires careful design.

Question 31

What must be ensured regarding large-pressure bulbs?

Answer 31

They do not overstress the soil or cause excessive settlement of the foundation ## Footnote Overstressing can lead to structural issues.

Question 32

How does the settlement of a large group of friction piles in clay compare to that of a single isolated pile?

Answer 32

Considerably greater ## Footnote This highlights the importance of soil conditions in foundation design.

Question 33

Who are the authors of the reference 'Building construction: Principles, materials, and systems'?

Answer 33

Mehta, M., Scarborough, W., & Armpriest, D. ## Footnote Published in 2013.

Question 34

What year was 'Fundamentals of building construction: materials and methods' published?

Answer 34

2019 ## Footnote Authors are Allen, E., & Iano, J.