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CATA 263 > lecture 14: conditions of the back > Flashcards

lecture 14: conditions of the back Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the spine

A
  • Upright posture
  • Allows movement
  • Protects spinal cord
  • Muscle/ligament attachment
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2
Q

how many vert in the cervical spine

A

7 vert

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3
Q

how many nerve roots in the cervical spine

A

8 nerve roots

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4
Q

what are the vertbetrea responnsible for rotation in the cervical

A

c1 (atlas) and c2 (axis)

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5
Q

which vert has an attached to the ribs

A

thoracic

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6
Q

the thoracic cage incloses what

A

tthe heart and lungs

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7
Q

is there alot of rotatation at the lumbar

A

no

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8
Q

why is there minimal rotation in the lumbar spine

A

because the facet joints are vertical which also limit extension

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9
Q

why are the bodies of lumbar vert large

A

for weight bearing

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10
Q

what are the functions of the intervetebral discs

A

• Allows movement
• Shock absorption
• Increases space for transverse
foramen

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11
Q

what happens to the transverse foramen if there is disk degeretation

A

it can cause impingments of nerves by decreasing the space

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12
Q

in flexion, what position foes the disc move

A

backwards

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13
Q

in extension, what postion does the disk move

A

moves anterioly

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14
Q

what vertebrae are sprains more common in cervical or lumbar

A

cervical

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15
Q

how is anterior long lig stretched

A

with extension

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16
Q

how are the interspinous. posterior long lig and supraspinous ligs strtecthed

A

with flexion

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17
Q

how is the intertranse ligs stretched

A

by side beining

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18
Q

what is the position of brachial plexus

A

c5-t1

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19
Q

what are some important muscles of the cervical spine

A 
longus colli
SCM
uppe rtraps
suboccipital
lev scap
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20
Q

what muscles of the cervical spine tightten witth instability/whiplash

A

SCM
upper traps
suboccipital
lev scap

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21
Q

what is the problem with the disk slipping posteriorly

A

because it can compromise the SC

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22
Q

true or false: stenosis can occur anywhere in the spine

A

true

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23
Q

what position is more comfortable for those wtih stenosis

A

flexion

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24
Q

what is stenosis

A

decreased space in the interverbtebral formane

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25
stenosis is only aquired
false, also congenital
26
aquired stenosis is secondary to what
osteophyte formation
27
what are the SS of stenosis
Quadriplegia, burning/tingling/numbness, motor changes, pain in area
28
what position is more comfortable for people with disc herniation
extension
29
what is the MOI for whiolash
whiplash, repetitive flexion or | extension, compression
30
what is the most common disc degrenation
posterior lateral
31
what are the SS of disc hernation
radiating pain, pain with | Valsalva maneuver
32
what location is mosre common in the L spine for disc herniation and what age
L4/L5 and L5/S1 (30-50)
33
cervical spine disc herniation is more common in what population
older individuals
34
what happens to the nucleus polposus in disc herniation
goes through annulus fibrosis
35
disc herniation is assocaited with tears of what
annulus fibrosus
36
what is prolapse in disc herniation
nucleus finds a way thorugh the annulus fibfrosus
37
what is extrusion in disc herniation
``` material moves into spinal cord (may impinge) ```
38
what is sequesteration in disc hernation
matter gets further into spinal cord, can migrate
39
is generative disk disease chronic or acute
chronic
40
what is the MOI for degenrative disc diease
compression, high impact, | age
41
what are the SS for degenrative disc disease
radicular pain, loss of motor function, pain with Valsalva maneuver
42
where is the dermatonme for L1-L2
Front of thigh and | groin to knee
43
what area of the spine is assocaited with dermatone and sensory loss of Front of thigh and groin to knee
L1/L2
44
what is the myotome weakness for L1/L2
psoas/adductors
45
what area of the lumbar spine is assocaited with myotome weakness of psoas and adductors
L1-L2
46
what is the dermatome for L3-L4
Ant mid thigh over patella and medial lower leg to great toe
47
what area of the lumbar spine is assocaitied with the dermatone Ant mid thigh over patella and medial lower leg to great toe
L3-L4
48
what is the mytome weakness for L3L4
Ankle dorsiflexion
49
what part of the lumbar spine is assocaited with the mytoine weakness of Ankle dorsiflexion
L3-L4
50
what is the dematone for L4/L5
Lateral thigh, anterior leg, top of foot, and middle three toes
51
what part of the lumbar spine is associated with sensory loss of Lateral thigh, anterior leg, top of foot, and middle three toes
l4/l5
52
what is the myotone for L4L5
toe extension
53
what part of the lumbar spine is asosciated with myotome weakness of toe extension
l4/l5
54
what is the dermatone for l5-s1
Posterior lateral thigh and lower leg to lateral foot and 5th toe
55
what part of the spine is assocaited with the sensory loss of Posterior lateral thigh and lower leg to lateral foot and 5th toe
l5/s1
56
what is the mytome weakness for l5/s1
Ankle plantar flexio/n
57
what part of the spine is assocaited with myotone weakness of Ankle plantar flexion
l5/s1
58
what is the dermatome for c1/c2
Top of head, forehead
59
what part of the spine is assocaited with dermatone of Top of head, forehead
c1/c2
60
what is the myotone weakness of c1/c2
neck flexion
61
what part of the spine is associated with mytone weakness of neck flexiion
c1/c2
62
what is the dermatone for c3
entire neck
63
what part of the spine has the dermatone of the entire neck
c3
64
what is the myotone weakness of c3
lateral flexion
65
what part of the spine is assocaited with mytome weakness of lateral flexionn
c3
66
what is the dermatonne of c4
shoulder area/clavicle
67
what is the myotome for c4
shoulder elevation
68
what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of shoulder area/clavicle
c4
69
what part of the spine is assocaited with myotone weakness of shoulder elevation
c4
70
what is the dermatone for c5
deltoid area
71
what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of deltoid area
c5
72
what is the myptome weakness of c5
should abduction
73
what part of the spine is associated with myotinne weakness of should abduction
c5
74
what is the dermatone of c6
Radial side of hand to thumb
75
what part of the spine is assocaited with dermatone Radial side of hand to thumb
c6
76
what is the myotome for c6
Elbow flex and/or wrist extension
77
what myotine is assocaited with Elbow flex and/or wrist extension
c6
78
what is the dermatone for c7
Index, middle and ring fingers
79
what part of the spine is assocaited with the dermatonne Index, middle and ring fingers
c7
80
what is the myotome for c7
Elbow extension and/or wrist flexion
81
what part of the spine is associated with myotone Elbow extension and/or wrist flexion
c7
82
what is the dermatone for c8
little finger
83
what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of little finger
c8
84
what is the mytome for c8
thumb extension
85
what part of the spine is assocaited to mytoone weakness of thumb extension
c8
86
what is the dermatone of t1
Medial side of forearm
87
what part of the spine is assocaited with the dermatoen of Medial side of forearm
t1
88
what is the myotine for t1
Finger abduction/ adduction
89
what part of the spine is assocaited with myotine weakness of Finger abduction/ adduction
t1
90
what is toricolis>
Held tilts toward one shoulder and chin rotates toward opposite shoulder
91
what muscle is at fault in toricolis
SCM is shortnered/spastic
92
is toricolis onnly congenital
false, also aquired
93
what are the SS of torticolis
loss of ROM, palpable lump or swelling in involved muscles
94
what is the MOI for cervical sprains
Occur at extreme motions | • Violent muscle contractions
95
what are the SS of cervical sprains
pain, stiffness, and restricted ROM
96
what is the MOI of cervical strains
Forceful contractions- eccentric | • Extreme ROM
97
what muscles are usually innvolved in cervical strains
SCM and UFT (also maybe scalenes, levator scapulae and splenius muscle too
98
what are the SS of cervical strains
• S/S- pain, decrease ROM, muscle spasm, pain during contraction or stretching of muscle
99
the brachial plexus is a neural structure that innervates what
upper extensionn
100
what are the 2 ways to injury the brachial [lexus
compression or stretch injur y
101
what is thje MOi for an acute burner
forceful separation of neck from shoulder
102
what are the SS for acute burners
• S/S- immediate, severe, burning pain and prickly paresthesia that radiates down arm
103
acute burners usually subsides within how long
5-10 mintutes
104
true or false: Weakness may persist for hours or even days after a burner (Abduction and external rotation)
true
105
how to decide if someone can RTP after a burner
If strength and function return completely within 5 minutes
106
what are the 5 conditions for RTP for acute burney
* No neck pain, arm pain, or impaired sensation * Full pain free ROM in the neck and upper extremity * Normal strength on MMT as compared to pre-season testing * Normal deep tendon reflexes * Negative brachial plexus traction test
107
what are the 3 classifications of burners
neuropraxia axonotmesis neurotmesis
108
what are the signs of neuropraxia
Temporary loss of sensation and/or loss of motor function | May demyelinise but axon in tact
109
what is the prognosis for neuropraxia
Recovery within a few | days to a few weeks
110
what is the signs for axonotmesis
Significant motor and mild sensory deficits | Axonal damage
111
what is the prognosis for axonotmesis
Deficits last at least 2 weeks. Regrowth is slow, but full or normal function usually I restored
112
what is the signs of neurotmesis
Motor and sensory deficits persist for up to 1 year | Nerve lacerated/avulsed
113
what is the prognosis for neurotmesis
Poor prognosis. Surgical | intervention
114
suprascapular nevre innnervates what
supraspinatus, infraspinatus and GH joint capsule
115
what is the MOI for suprascap nerve injury
• MOI: OH motions that generate rapid torque and velocity forces during cocking, acceleration and release phases
116
what is the SS for suprascaular nerve injur y
S/S: muscle weakness and atrophy, secondary injuries (ie | impingement, tendinitis, bursitis etc)
117
what is the MOI for contusions,sprains and strains of thoracic
MOI: direct blows, violent muscle contractions
118
what are the signs and symptoms of contusions, strains and sprains of thoracic spinen
• S/S- pain, ecchymosis, muscle spasm, limited swelling, decreased ROM and function
119
what are commonly strianed muscles in throacic
obliques lats rectus abdom intercostals
120
are thoracic fracures common>
no beacuse well protected with rib cage so ribs fracures are morew common
121
what is the MOI for thoracic fracture
``` compressive loads (tackle, fall on buttocks), women with osteopenia, repetitive stress from activities such as running ```
122
wjat os scheurmanns disease
Degeneration of the epiphyseal end plates of the vertebral body • Involves 3 adjacent vertebral segments
123
scheurmanns diease is related to what
mechanical stress
124
in scheurmanns disease, what happens to the vertebral body
anteriior portionn loses part of bone mass
125
scoliosis is waht
lateral curvature of the spine
126
can scoliosis only be structural
false, also functionnal
127
explain structural scoliolis
bone growing/malalligned during adolesscne
128
ex[lain function scoliosis
muscles are imbalancedand pulling spine in wrong directionn
129
where are the most common portions of the spine that have scoliosis
lumbar and thoracic
130
what is the weakest bony portion of the vert neural arch
pars interarticularis
131
what is the MOI for pars interarticualris
Mechanical stress from axial loading (Repetitive loading in flexion, hyperextension and rotation) • Congenital
132
pars interarticualris can lead to what
Spondylolysis vs. spondylolisthesis
133
what is Spondylolysis
Fracture of pars interarticularis (only 1 side) | • Stress or complete
134
what is Spondylolisthesis
• Bilateral separation of pars resulting in anterior displacements of vertebrae with respect to vertebrae below (2 sides of vert)
135
what is the most common site for spondylothesis
l5-s1 (90%)
136
Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis is often diangosed at what age and waht sport is common
10-15 | gymnasts
137
what are the SS of Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis
``` Can be asymptomatic • Low back pain • Neurological symptoms • Unilateral dull ache aggravated by activity • Hyperextension and rotation • Mm spasm of erector spinae or hamstrings • Flattened lumbosacral curve ```
138
what position might help spondys
flexion
139
what are some examples of facet joint pathology
• Subluxation or dislocation • Facet joint syndrome (i.e inflammation) • Degeneration of facet itself (arthritis) Mechanical injury to joint capsule- sprain
140
what postion can helo relieve pain in facet joint pathologies
Flexion
141
what are the SS of facet joint patholgy
* Point tenderness, flattening of back * Pain with rotation, extension, lateral bending * Limited flexibility of pelvic musculature
142
what is sciatica
Inflammatory condition of sciatic | nerve
143
what can sciatica be caused by
``` • Herniated disk • Annular tear • Muscle related disease • Spinal stenosis • Facet joint pathology • Compression of nerve between piriformis muscle ```
144
what is the MOI for SI joint sprain
* Traumatic- bending, twisting * repetitive stress from lifting * Fall on buttocks * Excessive side to side movement (• Running, Uneven terrain)
145
what are the SS for SI joint sprain
``` • Pain in SI area, extends to buttocks/posterior thigh • Pelvic imbalance • Standing one leg, climbing stairs P! • Lateral bending to that side, flexion ```

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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