- a deformity caused by a lesion to the ulnar nerve - occurs because the ulnar nerve is superficial - numbness of the fourth and fifth fingers and hand muscle weakness.

- occurs if there is a lesion of radial nerve - this is because the radial nerve supplies motor to the extensors of the elbow, wrist and hand - if injured, wrist drop occurs when flexors do not have an active antagonist so flexors overtake extensors

Lecture 14: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards by Claire Johnson

what is the cervical plexus?

contains nerve roots C1 - C5

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what the mnemoic for the cervical plexus?

C3, C4 and C5 keep the diaphragm alive

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what happens if a spinal cord injury occurs above C3?

a person will require a respirator to help them breathe
this is because the nerve roots that supply the phrenic nerve no longer have a connection to the brainstem and the brain
if the injury is inferior to C5 nerve root, the person should be able to breathe independently

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what is the importance of the phrenic nerve?

is the sole motor nerve supply for the diaphragm to help with breathing
has sensory and motor fibres

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what is the brachial plexus?

contains nerve roots C5 - T1

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what are the major branches of the brachial plexus?

median nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve

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how do brachial plexus divide?

roots –> trunks –> divisions –> cords –> branches

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mnemonic for the brachial plexus

Rugby Teams Drink Cold Beer
53635 (roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches)
My Aunt Rescued my Uncle (nerves)

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nerve root origin of radial nerve

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

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nerve root origin of axillary nerve

c5, c6

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nerve root origin of musculocutaneous nerve

c5, c6, c7

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nerve root origin of median nerve

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

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nerve root origin of ulnar nerve

c8, t1

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function/supply of radial nerve

entire posterior aspect of arm
triceps brachii
all extensors (elbow, forearm, wrist, fingers)

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function/supply of axillary nerve

teres minor and deltoid

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function/ supply of musculocutaneous nerve

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
flexors of the elbow

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function/supply of median nerve

flexors of forearm and hand
NOTHING proximal to elbow

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function/supply of ulnar nerve

NOTHING proximal to elbow
medial epicondyle of humerus (funny bone = ulnar nerve)

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how does Carpal Tunnel Syndrome develop?

when the bones and ligaments of wrist compress on the median nerve
this is because the median nerve goes through the carpal tunnel and branches off to supply parts of the hand

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what is Claw Hand?

a deformity caused by a lesion to the ulnar nerve
occurs because the ulnar nerve is superficial
numbness of the fourth and fifth fingers and hand muscle weakness.

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what is Wrist Drop?

occurs if there is a lesion of radial nerve
this is because the radial nerve supplies motor to the extensors of the elbow, wrist and hand
if injured, wrist drop occurs when flexors do not have an active antagonist so flexors overtake extensors

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what is the lumbar plexus?

L1 - L4

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what are the major branches of the lumbar plexus?

iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genitofemoral
lateral femoral cutaneous
obturator
femoral

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mnemoics for lumbar plexus

Study These Flashcards

I (twice) Get Lunch On Fridays
2 from 1, 2 from 2 and 2 from 3

nerve root origin of iliohypogastric nerve

nerve root origin of ilioinguinal nerve

nerve root origin of genitofemoral nerve

L1, L2

nerve root origin of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

L2, L3

nerve root origin of femoral nerve

L2, L3, L4

nerve root origin of obturator nerve

L2, L3, L4

function/supply of iliohypogastric nerve

- side of buttock, pubis - inferior internal oblique muscle - transversus abdominal muscle

function/supply of ilioinguinal nerve

- skin of external genitalia

function/supply of the genitofemoral nerve

- skin of scrotum (male), labia (female)

function/supply of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

- skin of lateral thigh - some to peritoneum

function/supply of obturator nerve

- ADDUCTORS OF THIGH - obturator externus - shares supply of pectineus with femoral nerve

function/supply of femoral nerve

- QUADRICEPS - iliacus, sartorius - shares supply of pectineus with obturator nerve

what is the sacral plexus?

L4 - S4

what are the major branches of the sacral plexus?

- superior gluteal nerve - inferior gluteal nerve - posterior femoral cutaneous nerve - pudendal nerve - sciatic nerve

mnemonics for the sacral plexus

SIPPS

nerve root origin of superior gluteal nerve

L4, L5, S1

nerve root origin of inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1, S2

nerve root origin of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

S1, S2, S3

nerve root origin of pudendal nerve

S2, S3, S4

nerve root origin of sciatic nerve

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

function/supply of superior gluteal nerve

- gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - tensor fasciae latae

function/supply of inferior gluteal nerve

- gluteus maximus

function/supply of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

- inferior buttock - posterior thigh - popliteal region - sometimes skin of calf and heal

function/supply of pudendal nerve

- most of skin and muscle of perineum - external anal sphincter

function/supply of sciatic nerve

- major parts of the skin and muscles in the thigh, leg, and foot

what are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

- tibial nerve - common fibular nerve

what is the sciatic nerve?

- a large bundled nerve (2), usually wrapped in sheath - about the size of a thumb - branches off below the knee

what is the mnemonic for the pudendal nerve?

S2, 3 and 4 keeps the P's off the floor (poo, pee)

what is the greater sciatic foramen?

a hole formed by ligaments combining with bones

what forms the greater sciatic foramen?

- greater sciatic notch - sacrotuberous ligament - sacrospinous ligament - anterior sacroiliac ligament - ischial spine

what is the importance of piriformis?

- piriformis is the landmark for the superior and inferior gluteal nerve - origin = anterolateral surface of sacrum - insertion = greater trochanter of femur

what is Sciatica?

- burning, numbness or tingling of back, butt leg or foot - pressure on sciatic nerve - caused by herniated disc, hypertonicity of piriformis, trauma etc.

pudendal canal

the anatomical structure in the pelvis in which the internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal veins, and the pudendal nerve pass through

what is spinal stenosis

the narrowing of the spinal canal in your lower back that may cause pain or numbness in your legs

Lecture 14: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

(58 cards)