Blood Pressure is:
The force exerted by the blood against a vessel wall
Blood Pressure Depends on:
- The volume of blood contained within the vessel
- The compliance (distensibility) of the vessel wall (how easily they can be stretched)
What is a “Sphygmomanometer?”
A devices that can indirectly measure the changes in arterial pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
What is the Korotokoff Sound?
Sounds that is emitted through the stethoscope once it is placed on the brachial artery
What are symptoms of Hypertension?
- Severe Headache
- Severe Anxiety
- SOB
- Nosebleed
- Feeling of Pulsations in neck or head
What are symptoms of Hypotension?
- Dizziness
- Syncope
- Lack of Concentration
- Nausea
- Cold Extremities
When can SBP be heard in Korotkoff Sound?
When can DBP be heard in Korotkoff Sound?
First
Fifth
What is Pulse determined by:
Systolic BP minus Diastolic BP
What is the formula for MAP?
Diastolic BP plus 1/3 pulse pressure
or
Cardiac Output times Total Peripheral Resistance
What is the formula for Mid-BP?
The sum of Sys BP plus Dia BP, divided by 2
What is Systolic Arterial Pressure?
Pressure exerted by blood vessel walls during ventricular contraction
- The pressure fills up the Aorta
What is Diastolic Arterial Pressure?
Pressure when the vessels are relaxed and filling up the left ventricle
What is Mean Arterial Pressure?
The pressure that propels the blood to the tissues
Baroreceptors Reflex
Maintain BP a nearly:
Constant Rate
Baroreceptors Reflex
Provides rapid negative:
Feedback Loops
Baroreceptors Reflex
Elevated BP reflexivity causes HR to ____ and this causes BP to ______
decrease; decrease
RAS System
Hormone that regulates:
BP and Fluid Balance
RAS System
When renal blood flow is reduced:
______ cells in kidneys convert _____ already in the blood into _____. This secretes directly into circulation
Juxtaglomerular; prorenin; renin
Carotid Sinus Baroreceptor
Innervated by Cranial Nerve __, _______ nerve
IX; Glossopharyngeal
Aortic Arch Baroreceptor
Innervated by Cranial Nerve __; ____ nerve
X; Vagus
120 mm Hg is equal to:
80 mm Hg is equal to:
16 pKa
11 pKa
Pulse Pressure
This pulse can be felt in an ____ lying close to the surface of the ___
artery; skin
Mean Arterial Pressure
The average pressure responsible for driving blood ____ into the ____ throughout the ____ _____
forward; tissues; cardiac cycle
Controlling BP
Mean Arterial Pressure is constantly monitored by _____ (______ sensors) in the circulatory system
baroreceptor (pressure)
Controlling BP
Baroreceptors sense changes in _____ and allow for short term (within ____) _______
pressure; (seconds); adjustment
2 most important baroreceptors are:
Carotid Sinus and Aortic Arch
Common Sinus Baroreceptor conducts signals to the
CV system
Renin-Angiotensin
RAS or RAAS system is a ____ system that helps regulate long-term _____ _____ and _____ _____ in the body
hormone
blood pressure; extracellular volume