Lecture 16

Question 1

the class amphibia is in what subphylum

Answer 1

vertebrata

Question 2

what are the orders of the class amphibia

Answer 2

• gymnophiona
• urodela
• anura

Question 3

gymnophiona: legs?

Answer 3

no

Question 3

gymnophiona: adults have tail?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

gymnophiona: habitats?

Answer 4

burrowing, mostly aquatic

Question 5

urodela: legs?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

urodela: adults have tail?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

urodela: habitats

Answer 7

aquatic or in moist soils

Question 8

anura: legs?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

anura: adults have tail?

Answer 9

no

Question 9

anura: habitats?

Answer 9

usually in or near water

Question 10

what are gymnophonia

Answer 10

caecilians
- naked snake
- usually blind

Question 11

The Age of Fishes

Answer 11

Devonian Period

Question 11

what are aruna

Answer 11

frogs and toads
- without tail

Question 11

what are urodela

Answer 11

salamanders and newts
- tail evident

Question 12

when did the invasion of land by tetrapods begin

Answer 12

Devonian Period - 416 mya

Question 13

lungs and a swim bladder are _________

Answer 13

homologous

Question 13

which combination of critical traits evolved in aquatic habitats that gave some vertebrates the ability to explore terrestrial habitats

Answer 13

1. lungs and nares for gas exchange in air
2. limbs that can support body weight

Question 14

what is a swim bladder

Question 15

what is the common ancester of tetrapoda

Answer 15

lobe finned fish

Question 16

what period did the common ancester of all amphibians live

Answer 16

Carboniferous period - 250 to 300 mya

Question 17

how do caecilians breathe

Answer 17

• larvae have gills lost after metamorphosis
• most adults have lungs
• skin and mouth

Question 17

how do salamanders and newts breathe

Answer 17

• larvae have gills some retain most lose them
• most adults have lungs
• skin and mouth

Question 18

how do frogs and toads breathe

Answer 18

• larvae have gills, not adults
• all adults have lungs
• skin and mouth

Question 19

what is paedomorphosis

Answer 19

an evolutionary change wthat results in embryonic or larval structures being retained in adulthood

Question 19

what is the reproduction like in frogs and toads

Question 19

what is the reproduction like in caecilians

Answer 19

- all internal fertilization - deposit eggs in moist fround - larvae develop in water - sometimes mother guards eggs in burrow

Question 19

what is the term for when an evolutionary change results in embryonic or larval structures being retained in adulthood

Answer 19

paedomorphosis

Question 20

what is the reproduction like in salamanders and newts

Answer 20

- most have internal fertilization - lay eggs in water or moist ground - can have gilled larval stage or direct development - sometimes mother guards eggs