Lecture 16 - Evolution

Question 1

True/False: Evolution is a theory of origins

Answer 1

FALSE!

Question 2

results from differential reproductive success

Answer 2

natural selection

Question 3

True/False: natural selection has a goal

Answer 3

FALSE! It does NOT have a goal

Question 4

What eliminates certain phenotypes

Answer 4

Natural Selection

Question 5

why do seemingly harmful alleles persist

Answer 5

balanced polymorphism

Question 6

heterozygote has > fitness than either homozygote

Answer 6

heterozygote advantage

Question 7

sickle cell disease, malaria, cystic fibrosis, and diarrheal disease fall under…

Answer 7

heterozygote advantage

Question 8

generation by generation shifts

Answer 8

microevolution

Question 9

involved the adaptive changes within population

Answer 9

microevolution

Question 10

5 things that cause evolution

Answer 10

• mutation
• nonrandom mating
• gene flow
• genetic drift
• natural selection

Question 11

introduces new alleles through migration

Answer 11

gene flow

Question 12

founder effect or bottleneck effect

Answer 12

genetic drift

Question 13

creates new alleles

Answer 13

mutation

Question 14

predict what can happen in the future

Answer 14

natural selection

Question 15

the various alleles at all gene loci in all the individuals make up the gene poop of that population

Answer 15

population genetics

Question 16

shifts in the frequency of alleles over time in a population constitutes microevolution

Answer 16

population genetics

Question 17

frequency of both alleles in a population of diploid organisms if only 2 alleles exist =

Answer 17

p + q = 1

Question 18

equilibrium =

Answer 18

p^2 + 2pq + q^2

Question 19

raw material for evolution

Answer 19

mutation

Question 20

variation in ability to attract mates

Answer 20

sexual selection

Question 21

sexual selection falls under…

Answer 21

nonrandom mating

Question 22

the highly unlikely situation in which allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next

Answer 22

Handy-Winberg Principle

Question 23

change due to chance

Answer 23

genetic drift

Question 24

small group of individuals forms new population (religion, culture, physical, isolation)

Answer 24

founder effect

Question 25

many members of a population die leaving only a few survivors

Answer 25

bottleneck effect

Question 26

not mechanics of evolution, just how a population shrinks extremely small

Answer 26

founder effect & bottleneck effect

Question 27

migration brings in or takes away alleles

Answer 27

gene flow

Question 28

individuals or gametes can disperse

Answer 28

gene flow

Question 29

process that adapts populations to the environment (interactions that exist between species)

Answer 29

natural selection

Question 30

3 biotic/living types of natural selection

Answer 30

- competition - predation - parasitism

Question 31

3 abiotic/nonliving types of natural selection

Answer 31

- weather and climate - temperature - moisture

Question 32

is mutation a selection process

Answer 32

No, because it is random and slow

Question 33

if you introduced new gmo to population what would happen

Answer 33

they all die

Question 34

any shift of p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =

Answer 34

evolution

Question 35

any shift in allele frequency =

Answer 35

some force is acting on it, some type of evolution

Question 36

what does it mean when p^2 increases

Answer 36

homozygous dominant phenotypes becoming more favorable

Question 37

what does it mean when q^2 decreases

Answer 37

homozygous recessive phenotypes becoming less favorable

Question 38

2pq increases means

Answer 38

heterozygote advantage (being carriers of some diseases)

Question 39

which of the following will cause evolution to occur * (4/5 will remain constant, 1/5 changes) * (look for changes in DNA, sexual selection, gene flow, small population, natural selection - there's no changes in the DNA/nucleotide sequence - random mating - no migration interlap - the population is large - *environmental changes* Description of each: - Mutation: change in the DNA (point mutation, framshift, substitution, insertion) - nonrandom mating: sexual selection(birds in paradise, finches that create love mess), some phenotypes are more favorable than others, advantage to other species to pass on alleles - gene flow: migration interlap (in or out) - genetic drift: small population - natural selection: environmental changes

Answer 39

FREEBEE

Question 40

Which of those 5 creates new alleles

Answer 40

mutation

Question 41

Which of those 5 introduces new alleles to the population through migration

Answer 41

gene flow

Question 42

Catastrophe of some type of over predation that causes shrink in population size

Answer 42

bottleneck effect

Question 43

reproductive isolation through migration or through religious or cultural means

Answer 43

founder effect

Question 44

what is specifically doing the selecting in natural selection: * competition, predation, parasitism = living/biotic * weather and climate, temperature, moisture = nonliving/abiotic

Answer 44

FREEBEE

Question 45

* A lot of wrong answers talking about antibiotics and stuff | - development causes resistence

Answer 45

FREEBEE

Question 46

difference between natural selection and evolution

Answer 46

evolution: change in allele frequency in population over time - micro = short amt. time - macro = long amt. time